Meta-analysis of Targeted Therapies in EGFR-mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Efficacy and Safety of Osimertinib, Erlotinib, and Gefitinib as First-line Treatment.

Background: Some of the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases enhance somatic mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene within the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) domain. In such cases, first-line treatments are EGFR-TKIs, including osimertinib, erlotinib, or gefitinib. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to assess the safety and efficacy of first-line targeted therapies for EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC patients, focusing on osimertinib, erlotinib, and gefitinib.

Methods: A systematic electronic search was conducted on 3 electronic databases-Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science-from inception to May 2024 to locate relevant trials reporting the safety and efficacy of osimertinib, erlotinib, or gefitinib in treating EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC. No language or data restriction was applied to the search strategy. The assessed effects were objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). RoB 2 tool was utilized to determine the risk of bias while R programming language performed all the statistical synthesis.

Results: Out of 15,275 search results, only 19 trials were eligible for this meta-analysis. All the 3 EGFR-TKIs depicted effectiveness and safety among NSCLC patients, but osimertinib improved the ORR by 72% (95% CI: 65%, 78%) as compared with erlotinib (69% [95% CI: 58%, 79%]) and gefitinib (64% [95% CI: 64%, 78%]). Overall, the 3 EGFR-TKIs were effective by improving ORR 68% (95% CI: 63%, 73%). Similarly, osimertinib demonstrated highly effective impacts in disease control among NSCLC patients by 94% (95% CI: 91%, 97%) compared with gefitinib (68% [95% CI: 41%, 89%]). Overall, the 2 EGFR-TKIs were effective in disease control among NSCLC patients (82% [95% CI: 67%, 93%]).

Conclusions: The pooled analyses have shown that erlotinib, gefitinib, and osimertinib are safe and effective first-line treatment options for patients with EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC. The meta-analysis outcomes have demonstrated that osimertinib, erlotinib, or gefitinib positively impact overall response rate and disease control.