深海中一种隐蔽的顶级掠食者季节性迁移的证据。

IF 3.4 1区 生物学 Q2 ECOLOGY Movement Ecology Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI:10.1186/s40462-024-00500-x
William K Oestreich, Kelly J Benoit-Bird, Briana Abrahms, Tetyana Margolina, John E Joseph, Yanwu Zhang, Carlos A Rueda, John P Ryan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:在受日照强烈季节性变化影响的生态系统中,不同类群的适应性取决于沿纬度或海拔梯度追踪资源的季节性运动。日照极为有限的深海水层生态系统是地球上最大的宜居空间,然而人们对这些系统中的生态系统物候学和有效的动物运动策略却知之甚少。抹香鲸(Physeter macrocephalus)为了解这个世界提供了一个宝贵的声学窗口:它们在深海觅食时发出的回声定位咔嗒声是地球上已知的最响亮的生物声音,并能传递有关其行为的详细信息:我们分析了七年来加利福尼亚中部海流系统的连续被动声学观测数据,使用自动方法从抹香鲸的回声定位点击声中识别存在和人口信息。通过将经验结果与个体水平的运动模拟相结合,我们检验了抹香鲸在东北太平洋长途运动的运动策略假设:结果:我们在加利福尼亚中部海流系统发现了全年都在觅食的各人口群抹香鲸,但也发现抹香鲸出现的频率具有显著的季节性。在之前假设的该种群的几种迁移策略中,声学观测结果与 "季节性资源追踪迁移 "种群的模拟结果最为接近,在 "季节性资源追踪迁移 "中,个体的迁移是为了追踪资源可用性的适度季节-纬度变化:我们的研究结果为这种深海隐蔽性顶级掠食者的季节性迁移提供了证据。我们认为这些季节性迁移很可能是由对深海资源的追踪驱动的,其依据有以下几个方面:(1) 在东北太平洋发现的抹香鲸觅食的季节-纬度模式;(2) 存在的季节性缺乏种群变化;(3) 对季节性资源追踪迁移的模拟与经验结果之间的匹配。我们的研究表明,抹香鲸追踪海洋季节性的方式可能与许多表层海洋掠食者相似,但其季节-纬度运动模式受到抑制。这些发现揭示了抹香鲸远距离迁移的驱动因素,以及抹香鲸觅食的深海生态系统的物候变化。
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Evidence for seasonal migration by a cryptic top predator of the deep sea.

Background: In ecosystems influenced by strong seasonal variation in insolation, the fitness of diverse taxa depends on seasonal movements to track resources along latitudinal or elevational gradients. Deep pelagic ecosystems, where sunlight is extremely limited, represent Earth's largest habitable space and yet ecosystem phenology and effective animal movement strategies in these systems are little understood. Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) provide a valuable acoustic window into this world: the echolocation clicks they produce while foraging in the deep sea are the loudest known biological sounds on Earth and convey detailed information about their behavior.

Methods: We analyze seven years of continuous passive acoustic observations from the Central California Current System, using automated methods to identify both presence and demographic information from sperm whale echolocation clicks. By integrating empirical results with individual-level movement simulations, we test hypotheses about the movement strategies underlying sperm whales' long-distance movements in the Northeast Pacific.

Results: We detect foraging sperm whales of all demographic groups year-round in the Central California Current System, but also identify significant seasonality in frequency of presence. Among several previously hypothesized movement strategies for this population, empirical acoustic observations most closely match simulated results from a population undertaking a "seasonal resource-tracking migration", in which individuals move to track moderate seasonal-latitudinal variation in resource availability.

Discussion: Our findings provide evidence for seasonal movements in this cryptic top predator of the deep sea. We posit that these seasonal movements are likely driven by tracking of deep-sea resources, based on several lines of evidence: (1) seasonal-latitudinal patterns in foraging sperm whale detection across the Northeast Pacific; (2) lack of demographic variation in seasonality of presence; and (3) the match between simulations of seasonal resource-tracking migration and empirical results. We show that sperm whales likely track oceanographic seasonality in a manner similar to many surface ocean predators, but with dampened seasonal-latitudinal movement patterns. These findings shed light on the drivers of sperm whales' long-distance movements and the shrouded phenology of the deep-sea ecosystems in which they forage.

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来源期刊
Movement Ecology
Movement Ecology Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
4.90%
发文量
47
审稿时长
23 weeks
期刊介绍: Movement Ecology is an open-access interdisciplinary journal publishing novel insights from empirical and theoretical approaches into the ecology of movement of the whole organism - either animals, plants or microorganisms - as the central theme. We welcome manuscripts on any taxa and any movement phenomena (e.g. foraging, dispersal and seasonal migration) addressing important research questions on the patterns, mechanisms, causes and consequences of organismal movement. Manuscripts will be rigorously peer-reviewed to ensure novelty and high quality.
期刊最新文献
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