Barriers to the deployment of solar-based vapor absorption cooling system: A field analysis in Thailand

About 60% of the electricity consumption in commercial buildings in Thailand is for air conditioning. The growth of commercial building construction and the rise in global temperature increase the air conditioning demand. Solar-based vapor absorption cooling systems (SVACS) are promoted because of lower electricity consumption, greenhouse gas mitigation, and natural refrigerant use. However, its adoption is minimal in Thailand. This study identified the barriers to deploying SVACS through surveys and feedback from various stakeholders. The barriers are categorized as Technology and Knowledge, Economic and Financial, Institutional and Policy, and Social and Market. 27 barriers were identified from the literature and discussions with stakeholders. Key barriers are lack of attractive policies and facilitating measures. Other important barriers include lack of training and knowledge, high investment and payback period, and lack of consumer and government confidence. Barriers unique to Thailand are also listed. SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis shows the major strength of SVACS is the reduction of both electricity demand and emissions, while the major challenges are high payback period and system complexity. Recommendations to address the barriers include support to net zero, providing financial support, carbon taxation, knowledge and skill enhancement, increasing collaboration among sectors/stakeholders, and market intervention.