Perovskite photovoltaics with cutting-edge strategies in 2D TMDs-based interfacial layer optimization

One practical solution for effective solar energy conversion is the use of perovskite photovoltaics (PV). Nevertheless, issues like hysteresis, instability, and short device lifetimes have restricted their practical use. As interfacial layers, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are quite different from metal oxides and small molecules. Optical and electronic properties can be improved by adjusting layers or applying strain on TMDs, which have a layered structure with direct bandgaps that is atomically thin. High carrier mobilities and distinct van der Waals interactions with neighboring layers are also supported by them. Charge transport capabilities; on the other hand, small molecules are typically processed using solution-based techniques and provide discrete energy levels. Interfacial layers facilitate smooth charge transport, which is advantageous to perovskite absorber layers. Much attention has been paid to the unique properties and compatibility of 2D TMDs with perovskite solar cells. The use of 2D TMDs materials as interfacial layers in perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) is reviewed in this review, with particular attention paid to their roles as electron transport layers (ETLs) and hole transport layers (HTLs). We first describe the main challenges faced by PSCs and how interfacial layers offer workable solutions. We also study the ways in which these layers improve robustness of the device, reduce hysteresis effects, and increase charge extraction efficiency. We consolidate information regarding the potential of two-dimensional (2D) materials to address important concerns concerning PSCs, thereby advancing the development of dependable and effective PVC devices for real-world solar energy harvesting applications. We do this by providing a comprehensive overview of recent research.