Nanoparticle-driven biosensors for diagnosis of viral hepatitis

Rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis are essential for the effective control of viral hepatitis. With the advances in nanotechnology, the application of nanoparticle-based biosensors for the diagnosis of viral hepatitis has attracted extensive attention. The excellent physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, such as extensive specific surface area, heightened surface energy, enhanced electrical conductivity, and facile size and structural modifiability, confer exceptional performance on biosensors. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the field of laboratory diagnosis for viral hepatitis, focusing on the use of nanoparticle-based biosensors in the identification of viral biomarkers and liver function biomarkers. Additionally, we discuss current challenges and future prospects of nanoparticle-based biosensors in the diagnosis of viral hepatitis.