Late-time constraints on homogeneous and isotropic FLRW cosmology with torsion

The present work deals with observational data analysis of four different models of homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) cosmology with torsion, where the torsion function is described by a scalar function $\varphi \left(t\right)$ associated with the spin of the matter. It has been found that among the four models, the third model, where the torsion function is proportional to Hubble parameter as well as power law of matter density, best fits the observational data. Further, the evolution of the torsion function reveals that torsion was subdominant relative to matter energy density during the matter-dominated era. However, torsion gradually becomes dominant following the transition into the current late-time accelerating phase. It plays a pivotal role as an alternative to dark energy, thereby accounting for the present cosmic acceleration.