Incidence of cardiovascular events in a population-based Danish cohort with atopic dermatitis

Background

The risk of cardiovascular disease in atopic dermatitis (AD) is not well established.

Objectives

Our aims were to evaluate the incidence rate (IR) of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with AD in a population-based cohort study and to assess atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors and incidence of malignancies, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and VTE in patients with AD and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a nested cohort analysis.

Methods

Data from individuals age 12 years or older (nested cohort age ≥ 18 years) from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018, were extracted from the Danish National Patient Registry. Patients with AD were age- and sex-matched with 10 healthy controls. ASCVD risk factors included age 65 years or older and history of smoking, coronary artery disease, stroke, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and malignancy.

Results

The population-based cohort comprised 190,751 patients (17,341 patients with AD and 173,410 healthy controls). The IRs per 100 patient-years were comparable between the AD cohort and healthy controls for VTE (0.14 [95% CI = 0.12-0.16] vs 0.11 [95% CI = 0.11-0.12]), DVT (0.08 [95% CI = 0.06-0.09] vs 0.06 [95% CI = 0.06-0.07]), and PE (0.06 [95% CI = 0.05-0.08] vs 0.05 [95% CI = 0.05-0.05]). The IR for VTE was higher in the AD cohort age 65 years or older (0.71 [95% CI = 0.56-0.90]) than in the age-matched controls (0.50 [95% CI = 0.46-0.54]). ASCVD risk factors were more frequent in the patients with RA than in the patients with AD. The IRs for malignancies and MACE were higher with specific ASCVD risk factors.

Conclusions

The IRs of cardiovascular events were comparable between the AD cohort and general population. The risk of VTE, malignancy, or MACE was higher with specific ASCVD risk factors, underscoring the need for patient monitoring.