Integrated sustainability perspective and spillover effects of social, environment and economic pillars: A case study using SEY model

This study examines the integrated sustainability perspective by mapping the spillover effects among sustainable development pillars including social, environment, and economy. To this end, it estimates the sustainability elasticities between a developing country, Iran, and six global regions including 1- North America, 2- Latin America and Caribbean, 3- European Union, 4- Sub-Saharan Africa, 5- Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and 6- East Asia and Pacific. This estimation uses the SEY model, an econometric package involving simultaneous equations systems, Vector Autoregressive models (VAR), and Granger causality within 1971–2019. This research differs from the previous studies by exploring the sustainability spillovers not only spatially but also across various pillars of sustainable development. The results show that the pillars of sustainable development have significant and positive elasticities. This finding accepts the integrated sustainability perspective since the pillars of sustainable development indicate considerable and synergistic effects from both spatial and contextual outlooks. In this way, the findings support globalization, openness, and flow-based governance, consistent with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 16 (Peace, justice and strong institutions) and 17 (Partnerships for the goals). Therefore, policymakers should strengthen the globalization and openness by establishing and promoting international agreements, global organizations, and inclusive frameworks not only in trade, finance, and economy but also in cultural, social, and political affairs.