Folashade O Katola, Misturah Y Adana, Olumayokun A Olajide
{"title":"选择性非甾体 ERβ 激动剂 AC-186 抑制神经炎症和神经元损伤","authors":"Folashade O Katola, Misturah Y Adana, Olumayokun A Olajide","doi":"10.1007/s00011-024-01952-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>AC-186 (4-[4-4-Difluoro-1-(2-fluorophenyl) cyclohexyl] phenol) is a neuroprotective non-steroidal selective oestrogen receptor modulator. This study investigated whether inhibition of neuroinflammation contributed to neuroprotective activity of this compound.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BV-2 microglia were treated with AC-186 (0.65-5 μM) prior to stimulation with LPS (100 ng/mL). Levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and proteins were then evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment of LPS-activated BV-2 microglia with AC-186 resulted in significant (p < 0.05) reduction in TNFα, IL-6, NO, PGE<sub>2</sub>, iNOS and COX-2. Further investigations showed that AC-186 decreased LPS-induced elevated levels of phospho-p65, phospho-IκBα and acetyl-p65 proteins, while blocking DNA binding and luciferase activity of NF-κB. AC-186 induced significant (p < 0.05) increase in protein expression of ERβ, while enhancing ERE luciferase activity in BV-2 cells. Effects of the compound on oestrogen signalling in the microglia was confirmed in knockdown experiments which revealed a loss of anti-inflammatory activity following transfection with ERβ siRNA. In vitro neuroprotective activity of AC-186 was demonstrated by inhibition of activated microglia-mediated damage to HT-22 neurons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study established that AC-186 produces NF-κB-mediated anti-inflammatory activity, which is proposed as a contributory mechanism involved in its neuroprotective actions. It is suggested that the anti-inflammatory activity of this compound is linked to its agonist effect on ERβ.</p>","PeriodicalId":13550,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Inhibition of neuroinflammation and neuronal damage by the selective non-steroidal ERβ agonist AC-186.\",\"authors\":\"Folashade O Katola, Misturah Y Adana, Olumayokun A Olajide\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00011-024-01952-y\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>AC-186 (4-[4-4-Difluoro-1-(2-fluorophenyl) cyclohexyl] phenol) is a neuroprotective non-steroidal selective oestrogen receptor modulator. This study investigated whether inhibition of neuroinflammation contributed to neuroprotective activity of this compound.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BV-2 microglia were treated with AC-186 (0.65-5 μM) prior to stimulation with LPS (100 ng/mL). Levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and proteins were then evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment of LPS-activated BV-2 microglia with AC-186 resulted in significant (p < 0.05) reduction in TNFα, IL-6, NO, PGE<sub>2</sub>, iNOS and COX-2. Further investigations showed that AC-186 decreased LPS-induced elevated levels of phospho-p65, phospho-IκBα and acetyl-p65 proteins, while blocking DNA binding and luciferase activity of NF-κB. AC-186 induced significant (p < 0.05) increase in protein expression of ERβ, while enhancing ERE luciferase activity in BV-2 cells. Effects of the compound on oestrogen signalling in the microglia was confirmed in knockdown experiments which revealed a loss of anti-inflammatory activity following transfection with ERβ siRNA. In vitro neuroprotective activity of AC-186 was demonstrated by inhibition of activated microglia-mediated damage to HT-22 neurons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study established that AC-186 produces NF-κB-mediated anti-inflammatory activity, which is proposed as a contributory mechanism involved in its neuroprotective actions. It is suggested that the anti-inflammatory activity of this compound is linked to its agonist effect on ERβ.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":13550,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Inflammation Research\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Inflammation Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-024-01952-y\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"CELL BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Inflammation Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-024-01952-y","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Inhibition of neuroinflammation and neuronal damage by the selective non-steroidal ERβ agonist AC-186.
Background: AC-186 (4-[4-4-Difluoro-1-(2-fluorophenyl) cyclohexyl] phenol) is a neuroprotective non-steroidal selective oestrogen receptor modulator. This study investigated whether inhibition of neuroinflammation contributed to neuroprotective activity of this compound.
Methods: BV-2 microglia were treated with AC-186 (0.65-5 μM) prior to stimulation with LPS (100 ng/mL). Levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and proteins were then evaluated.
Results: Treatment of LPS-activated BV-2 microglia with AC-186 resulted in significant (p < 0.05) reduction in TNFα, IL-6, NO, PGE2, iNOS and COX-2. Further investigations showed that AC-186 decreased LPS-induced elevated levels of phospho-p65, phospho-IκBα and acetyl-p65 proteins, while blocking DNA binding and luciferase activity of NF-κB. AC-186 induced significant (p < 0.05) increase in protein expression of ERβ, while enhancing ERE luciferase activity in BV-2 cells. Effects of the compound on oestrogen signalling in the microglia was confirmed in knockdown experiments which revealed a loss of anti-inflammatory activity following transfection with ERβ siRNA. In vitro neuroprotective activity of AC-186 was demonstrated by inhibition of activated microglia-mediated damage to HT-22 neurons.
Conclusions: This study established that AC-186 produces NF-κB-mediated anti-inflammatory activity, which is proposed as a contributory mechanism involved in its neuroprotective actions. It is suggested that the anti-inflammatory activity of this compound is linked to its agonist effect on ERβ.
期刊介绍:
Inflammation Research (IR) publishes peer-reviewed papers on all aspects of inflammation and related fields including histopathology, immunological mechanisms, gene expression, mediators, experimental models, clinical investigations and the effect of drugs. Related fields are broadly defined and include for instance, allergy and asthma, shock, pain, joint damage, skin disease as well as clinical trials of relevant drugs.