A review on pharmacological activities and phytochemical constituents of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.

Zanthoxylum armatum, a versatile plant known for its extensive pharmacological and phytochemical properties, has been traditionally utilised in various cultures for medicinal purposes. It is a widely recognised medicinal plant of the Rutaceae family, indigenous to Korea, China, Japan, and Pakistan, and thrives particularly in subtropical and temperate regions globally. Various parts of the plant hold medicinal significance: the seeds serve as a spice, condiment, and tonic; the wood finds application in dental care, crafting walking sticks, and timber; the fruit is utilised for oil extraction, water purification, and as an odontalgic, stomachic, and stimulant; the bark is valued as a tonic; while branches and thorns are utilised for their stimulant, stomachic, and odontalgic properties. The plant contains various bioactive compounds, including lignans, alkaloids, sterols, coumarins, phenolics, terpenoids, flavonoids, benzenoids, glycosides, alkenic acids, amino acids, fatty acids, armamide, L-sesamin, L-asarin, L-planinin, limonene, methyl cinnamate, linalool, linayl acetate, geraniol methyl cinnamate, citral, linalool and sabines. This review aims to comprehensively cover the pharmacological and phytochemical properties of Z. armatum, serving as a foundation for future research and potential applications.