重力对感知物体高度的影响。

IF 4.4 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI:10.1038/s41526-024-00430-3
Björn Jörges, Nils Bury, Meaghan McManus, Ambika Bansal, Robert S Allison, Michael Jenkin, Laurence R Harris
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引用次数: 0

摘要

研究表明,改变相对于重力方向的姿势或暴露于微重力环境会影响感知的许多方面,包括尺寸感知。本研究的目的是调查姿势的改变和长期暴露于微重力环境是否会对物体高度的视觉感知产生偏差,并测试这种偏差是否伴随着精确度的变化。我们还探讨了性别差异的可能性。两组参与者(12 名宇航员和 20 名对照组,50% 为女性)在模拟走廊中改变虚拟正方形的大小,直到他们认为该正方形与他们手中的参照棒相匹配。宇航员在国际空间站长期逗留之前、期间和之后各执行了两次任务。在地球上,他们分别完成了直立坐姿和仰卧姿态的任务。在地球上的对照组也完成了五次任务,测试时间间隔与宇航员相似;为了模拟国际空间站上的微重力测试,他们采取了仰卧姿势。与之前的研究不同,我们没有发现微重力对感知物体高度的直接影响。但是,宇航员严重低估了相对于触觉参照物的正方形高度,而且在返回地球 60 天或更长时间后,这些估计值明显变小。在宇航员判断的精确度方面没有发现差异。对照组在第一次测试(模拟飞行前)中低估了仰卧时相对于坐姿的正方形高度,但在后面的测试中没有发现这种情况。虽然这些结果在很大程度上与之前的文献结果不一致,但模拟眼球高度对姿势的影响可能提供了一个统一的解释。我们无法对性/性别差异做出任何肯定的结论。我们的结论是,不需要采取任何对策来减轻微重力暴露对物体高度感知的急性影响。但是,应该提醒太空旅行者注意这种感知能力的后期变化,这种变化可能会持续很长时间。
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The impact of gravity on perceived object height.

Altering posture relative to the direction of gravity, or exposure to microgravity has been shown to affect many aspects of perception, including size perception. Our aims in this study were to investigate whether changes in posture and long-term exposure to microgravity bias the visual perception of object height and to test whether any such biases are accompanied by changes in precision. We also explored the possibility of sex/gender differences. Two cohorts of participants (12 astronauts and 20 controls, 50% women) varied the size of a virtual square in a simulated corridor until it was perceived to match a reference stick held in their hands. Astronauts performed the task before, twice during, and twice after an extended stay onboard the International Space Station. On Earth, they performed the task of sitting upright and lying supine. Earth-bound controls also completed the task five times with test sessions spaced similarly to the astronauts; to simulate the microgravity sessions on the ISS they lay supine. In contrast to earlier studies, we found no immediate effect of microgravity exposure on perceived object height. However, astronauts robustly underestimated the height of the square relative to the haptic reference and these estimates were significantly smaller 60 days or more after their return to Earth. No differences were found in the precision of the astronauts' judgments. Controls underestimated the height of the square when supine relative to sitting in their first test session (simulating Pre-Flight) but not in later sessions. While these results are largely inconsistent with previous results in the literature, a posture-dependent effect of simulated eye height might provide a unifying explanation. We were unable to make any firm statements related to sex/gender differences. We conclude that no countermeasures are required to mitigate the acute effects of microgravity exposure on object height perception. However, space travelers should be warned about late-emerging and potentially long-lasting changes in this perceptual skill.

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来源期刊
npj Microgravity
npj Microgravity Physics and Astronomy-Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
7.80%
发文量
50
审稿时长
9 weeks
期刊介绍: A new open access, online-only, multidisciplinary research journal, npj Microgravity is dedicated to publishing the most important scientific advances in the life sciences, physical sciences, and engineering fields that are facilitated by spaceflight and analogue platforms.
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