Fabian Kaap, Christoph Kissling, Victor Gaydamachenko, Lukas Grünhaupt, Sergey Lotkhov
{"title":"小型约瑟夫森结中的双夏皮罗阶跃演示","authors":"Fabian Kaap, Christoph Kissling, Victor Gaydamachenko, Lukas Grünhaupt, Sergey Lotkhov","doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-53011-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bloch oscillations in small Josephson junctions were predicted theoretically as the quantum dual to Josephson oscillations. A significant consequence of this prediction is the emergence of quantized current steps, so-called dual Shapiro steps, when synchronizing Bloch oscillations to an external microwave signal. These steps potentially enable a fundamental standard of current <i>I</i>, defined via the frequency <i>f</i> of the external signal and the elementary charge <i>e</i>, <i>I</i> = ± <i>n</i> × 2<i>e</i><i>f</i>, where <i>n</i> is a natural number. Here, we realize this fundamental relation by synchronizing the Bloch oscillations in small Al/AlO<sub>x</sub>/Al Josephson junctions to sinusoidal drives with frequencies from 1 to 6 GHz and observe dual Shapiro steps up to <i>I</i> ≈ 3 nA. Inspired by today’s voltage standards and to further confirm the duality relation, we investigate a pulsed drive regime and observe an asymmetric pattern of dual Shapiro steps. This work confirms quantum duality effects in Josephson junctions and paves the way towards a range of applications in quantum metrology based on well-established fabrication techniques and straightforward circuit design.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Demonstration of dual Shapiro steps in small Josephson junctions\",\"authors\":\"Fabian Kaap, Christoph Kissling, Victor Gaydamachenko, Lukas Grünhaupt, Sergey Lotkhov\",\"doi\":\"10.1038/s41467-024-53011-z\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Bloch oscillations in small Josephson junctions were predicted theoretically as the quantum dual to Josephson oscillations. A significant consequence of this prediction is the emergence of quantized current steps, so-called dual Shapiro steps, when synchronizing Bloch oscillations to an external microwave signal. These steps potentially enable a fundamental standard of current <i>I</i>, defined via the frequency <i>f</i> of the external signal and the elementary charge <i>e</i>, <i>I</i> = ± <i>n</i> × 2<i>e</i><i>f</i>, where <i>n</i> is a natural number. Here, we realize this fundamental relation by synchronizing the Bloch oscillations in small Al/AlO<sub>x</sub>/Al Josephson junctions to sinusoidal drives with frequencies from 1 to 6 GHz and observe dual Shapiro steps up to <i>I</i> ≈ 3 nA. Inspired by today’s voltage standards and to further confirm the duality relation, we investigate a pulsed drive regime and observe an asymmetric pattern of dual Shapiro steps. This work confirms quantum duality effects in Josephson junctions and paves the way towards a range of applications in quantum metrology based on well-established fabrication techniques and straightforward circuit design.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19066,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Nature Communications\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":14.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-09\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Nature Communications\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"103\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53011-z\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"综合性期刊\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nature Communications","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53011-z","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
根据理论预测,小型约瑟夫森结中的布洛赫振荡是约瑟夫森振荡的量子对偶。这一预测的一个重要结果是,当布洛赫振荡与外部微波信号同步时,出现了量子化的电流阶跃,即所谓的双夏皮罗阶跃。这些阶跃有可能实现电流 I 的基本标准,即通过外部信号的频率 f 和基本电荷 e 定义的 I = ± n × 2ef,其中 n 是自然数。在这里,我们通过将小型 Al/AlOx/Al 约瑟夫森结中的布洛赫振荡与频率为 1 至 6 GHz 的正弦驱动同步来实现这一基本关系,并观察到高达 I ≈ 3 nA 的双夏皮罗阶跃。受当今电压标准的启发,为了进一步证实二元性关系,我们对脉冲驱动机制进行了研究,并观察到双夏皮罗阶跃的非对称模式。这项工作证实了约瑟夫森结中的量子二重性效应,并为基于成熟的制造技术和简单的电路设计的量子计量学应用铺平了道路。
Demonstration of dual Shapiro steps in small Josephson junctions
Bloch oscillations in small Josephson junctions were predicted theoretically as the quantum dual to Josephson oscillations. A significant consequence of this prediction is the emergence of quantized current steps, so-called dual Shapiro steps, when synchronizing Bloch oscillations to an external microwave signal. These steps potentially enable a fundamental standard of current I, defined via the frequency f of the external signal and the elementary charge e, I = ± n × 2ef, where n is a natural number. Here, we realize this fundamental relation by synchronizing the Bloch oscillations in small Al/AlOx/Al Josephson junctions to sinusoidal drives with frequencies from 1 to 6 GHz and observe dual Shapiro steps up to I ≈ 3 nA. Inspired by today’s voltage standards and to further confirm the duality relation, we investigate a pulsed drive regime and observe an asymmetric pattern of dual Shapiro steps. This work confirms quantum duality effects in Josephson junctions and paves the way towards a range of applications in quantum metrology based on well-established fabrication techniques and straightforward circuit design.
期刊介绍:
Nature Communications, an open-access journal, publishes high-quality research spanning all areas of the natural sciences. Papers featured in the journal showcase significant advances relevant to specialists in each respective field. With a 2-year impact factor of 16.6 (2022) and a median time of 8 days from submission to the first editorial decision, Nature Communications is committed to rapid dissemination of research findings. As a multidisciplinary journal, it welcomes contributions from biological, health, physical, chemical, Earth, social, mathematical, applied, and engineering sciences, aiming to highlight important breakthroughs within each domain.