大气-土壤界面的土壤碳氮循环:量化生物壳-土壤相互作用对全球变化的响应

IF 10.8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Global Change Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI:10.1111/gcb.17519
K. Witzgall, B. D. Hesse, N. L. Pacay-Barrientos, J. Jansa, O. Seguel, R. Oses, F. Buegger, J. Guigue, C. Rojas, K. Rousk, T. E. E. Grams, N. Pietrasiak, C. W. Mueller
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在干旱地区,缺水限制了维管植物的生长,大部分初级生产都发生在土壤表面。在这里,复杂的大型和微生物群落与土壤颗粒紧密结合,形成了生物土壤结壳(生物结壳)。尽管生物土壤结壳在调节旱地生态系统的碳和氮循环中发挥着关键作用,但人们对生物固定的碳和氮从生物土壤结壳进入矿质土壤的命运,以及气候变化将如何影响大气、生物土壤结壳和地表下土壤之间的碳和氮通量的了解却很有限。为了填补这些空白,我们在受控实验室条件下对生物簇-土壤系统进行了升温和干旱实验,监测了二氧化碳通量,并应用了双同位素标记脉冲(13CO2 和 15N2)。这样就可以通过密度分馏和磷脂脂肪酸分析,详细量化元素进入特定有机物(OM)池和微生物生物量的途径。虽然生物簇对二氧化碳通量的调节不受温度制度的影响,但干旱严重限制了生物簇光合作用对碳的吸收,以至于这些系统不再能维持对碳的净吸收。此外,生物簇的影响延伸到了下层 1 厘米的矿质土壤,在这里,C 和 N 以矿质相关 OM(MAOM<63μm)的形式积累。这与真菌相对优势的增加密切相关,表明真菌菌丝促进了C和N的向下转移以及随后MAOM的形成。然而,最引人注目的是,这些途径在受气候变暖影响的系统中被破坏了,在这些系统中,生物簇对下层土壤的元素组成和 MAOM 都没有影响。这与气候变暖和干旱共同作用下生物氮净固定的减少进一步相关,突出表明了不断变化的气候条件如何削弱生物覆盖层的一些最基本的生态系统功能,从而对碳和氮的循环以及旱地生态系统中土壤有机质库的持久性产生不利影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Soil carbon and nitrogen cycling at the atmosphere–soil interface: Quantifying the responses of biocrust–soil interactions to global change

In drylands, where water scarcity limits vascular plant growth, much of the primary production occurs at the soil surface. This is where complex macro- and microbial communities, in an intricate bond with soil particles, form biological soil crusts (biocrusts). Despite their critical role in regulating C and N cycling in dryland ecosystems, there is limited understanding of the fate of biologically fixed C and N from biocrusts into the mineral soil, or how climate change will affect C and N fluxes between the atmosphere, biocrusts, and subsurface soils. To address these gaps, we subjected biocrust–soil systems to experimental warming and drought under controlled laboratory conditions, monitored CO2 fluxes, and applied dual isotopic labeling pulses (13CO2 and 15N2). This allowed detailed quantification of elemental pathways into specific organic matter (OM) pools and microbial biomass via density fractionation and phospholipid fatty acid analyses. While biocrusts modulated CO2 fluxes regardless of the temperature regime, drought severely limited their photosynthetic C uptake to the extent that the systems no longer sustained net C uptake. Furthermore, the effect of biocrusts extended into the underlying 1 cm of mineral soil, where C and N accumulated as mineral-associated OM (MAOM<63μm). This was strongly associated with increased relative dominance of fungi, suggesting that fungal hyphae facilitate the downward C and N translocation and subsequent MAOM formation. Most strikingly, however, these pathways were disrupted in systems exposed to warming, where no effects of biocrusts on the elemental composition of the underlying soil nor on MAOM were determined. This was further associated with reduced net biological N fixation under combined warming and drought, highlighting how changing climatic conditions diminish some of the most fundamental ecosystem functions of biocrusts, with detrimental repercussions for C and N cycling and the persistence of soil organic matter pools in dryland ecosystems.

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来源期刊
Global Change Biology
Global Change Biology 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
21.50
自引率
5.20%
发文量
497
审稿时长
3.3 months
期刊介绍: Global Change Biology is an environmental change journal committed to shaping the future and addressing the world's most pressing challenges, including sustainability, climate change, environmental protection, food and water safety, and global health. Dedicated to fostering a profound understanding of the impacts of global change on biological systems and offering innovative solutions, the journal publishes a diverse range of content, including primary research articles, technical advances, research reviews, reports, opinions, perspectives, commentaries, and letters. Starting with the 2024 volume, Global Change Biology will transition to an online-only format, enhancing accessibility and contributing to the evolution of scholarly communication.
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