Global Change Biology最新文献

Liu, H., C. S. C. Martins, G. Zhou, et al. 2026. “Soil Protist Diversity and Biotic Interactions Shape Ecosystem Functions Under Climate Change.” Global Change Biology 32, no. 1: e70692. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70692.

We wish to correct the following aspects Liu et al. (2026) concerning data availability. These changes are made to improve accuracy and transparency in acknowledging the original experiment and dataset on which this study builds. The corrections do not affect the results, interpretations, or overall conclusions of the article.

1. Data Availability section

Original text:

“All sequence data generated in this study are publicly available in the European Nucleotide Archive under project accession PRJEB53575. The complete raw datasets underlying the analyses presented here, together with associated supporting files, are archived on Figshare via the DOI https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30968560.”

Corrected text:

“Original datasets from the microcosm study are available on Figshare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.20077217). All datasets used in the present study are archived on Figshare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30968560). All sequence data generated in this study are publicly available in the European Nucleotide Archive under project accession PRJEB53575.”

This correction ensures that both the original experimental data and the processed datasets used in the study are properly referenced.

2. Material and Methods attribution:

Sections 2.2–2.6 and 2.8 of the Methods are adapted from the previously published article: Martins et al. (2024) Aboveground and belowground biodiversity have complementary effects on ecosystem functions across global grasslands. PLOS Biology 22(8): e3002736. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002736.

This ensures proper attribution to the original source. These changes do not affect the results, interpretations, or overall conclusions of the article.

We apologize for these errors.

Liu, H., C. S. C. Martins, G. Zhou, et al. 2026. “Soil Protist Diversity and Biotic Interactions Shape Ecosystem Functions Under Climate Change.” Global Change Biology 32, no. 1: e70692. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70692.

Martins, C. S., M. Delgado-Baquerizo, R. H. Jayaramaiah, et al. 2024. “Aboveground and Belowground Biodiversity Have Complementary Effects on Ecosystem Functions Across Global Grasslands.” PLoS Biology 22, no. 8: e3002736.

The Amazon Forest is undergoing rapid ecological shifts driven by intensifying drought, rising temperatures, and widespread anthropogenic disturbance. Yet the reorganization of vegetation functional strategies under climate stress remains poorly quantified at the biome scale. Here, we show that the temporal stability of canopy reflectance offers a sensitive remote proxy for sclerophylly—leaf toughness, a key indicator of conservative, drought-adaptive plant strategies. By integrating ground-based trait data (specific leaf area, SLA) from over 3000 trees across 448 plots in the Amazon-Cerrado savanna transition zone with high-resolution remote sensing imagery, we demonstrate that lower SLA—a well-established proxy for conservative leaf strategies—is associated with reduced dry-season variability in the blue band spectral reflectance of vegetation. Extending the analysis across 130 plots in nine Amazonian countries using 40 years of harmonised remote sensing data, we find that dry-season reflectance variability has declined by ~34% (a drop of ~10 percentage points) since 1984, indicating a biome-wide shift toward greater drought tolerance. This trend is most pronounced in the southern and eastern Amazon and closely tracks rising climate stress, particularly increased temperature, evaporative demand, and water deficit. If these patterns persist, much of the southern and eastern Amazon could reach reflectance-stability levels comparable to transitional zones with the Cerrado savanna biome within the next three to four decades. Our results show signals of an early-stage forest functional transformation that could reduce forest productivity and carbon uptake, increase vulnerability to fire, and diminish biodiversity. These findings highlight regions where early signs of reduced forest resilience are emerging, underscoring the need for spatially targeted conservation.

Ecosystem restoration is widely recognized as among the most important means to combat both climate change and biodiversity loss. A vast range of studies have illustrated the potential for local ecological recovery, but its efficacy at large spatial scales remains highly uncertain. Until now, the lack of standardized biodiversity monitoring systems has restricted our capacity to evaluate the potential for ecological recovery at large spatial scales. Here, we use an ecoacoustic dataset from 119 locations to evaluate the biodiversity implications of large-scale forest restoration within Costa Rica's redistributive Payment for Ecosystem Service (PES) program. Soundscapes recorded in degraded pastures were marked by significant changes in the timing and frequencies typical of mature reference forests. In contrast, we show that the acoustic patterns of restored PES sites have recovered and now resemble reference forests more closely. The age and ecological composition of naturally regenerating forests within the PES have led to more dramatic patterns of acoustic recovery (soundscapes 1.4 times more similar to reference forests than pastures) than in their monoculture plantation counterparts (1.24 times). The scale and consistency of these findings provide strong evidence of effective restoration at scale, highlighting the ecological merits of natural restoration approaches over monoculture plantations.

Human agricultural activities have exacerbated multiple types of natural resource depletion and environmental impacts through complex interactions with land, water, carbon, and nutrient cycles, which can be measured as corresponding environmental footprints (EFs). However, the spatiotemporal trade-offs and synergies among multiple EFs in agricultural systems remain under-quantified, hindering effective mitigation strategies. Here, we propose an assessment framework of spatiotemporal trade-offs and synergies among multiple EFs of crop production, with a case study on blue water, green water, land, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus footprints for wheat, maize, rice, and soybean production across 31 Chinese provinces over 2000-2018. In total, 3630 pairwise EFs were analyzed. Results show that, although the EFs of unit mass crop production generally declined across provinces, national total EFs increased, with land, carbon, and phosphorus footprints rising by 16%, 17%, and 23%, respectively, during the study period. Synergistic interactions among EFs prevailed, comprising 50% positive and 32% negative synergies. The spatial distribution of trade-offs and synergies varies by crop and region. Land use intensity is the main factor limiting the positive EF synergies.

Tree pests and diseases are a key threat to woodland biodiversity and commercial forestry worldwide. In the UK, the ongoing spread of pests and diseases is severely affecting a range of nationally important tree species, resulting in substantial ecological and economic impacts. As the risk posed by pests and diseases varies across the UK's treescapes, understanding the patterns of risk and the factors underlying these patterns is crucial for designing and implementing effective mitigation strategies. To address this challenge, we modelled the distribution of pests and diseases across mainland Great Britain, focusing on the total pest and disease burdens for nine host tree species of particular ecological, economic and cultural importance. Using integrated species distribution models, we combined two datasets-totalling 18,871 pest and disease records across 22 years-to model the spatial patterns of risk. To examine the factors underlying these distributions, we used graph-based causal inference approaches to inform our model design and to explore the robustness of our conclusions to variations in our modelling assumptions. We found that pest and disease burdens for broadleaved host trees exhibited hotspots in England, while burdens for conifer hosts tended to be high in Scotland. We identified urban area, human population density and local recreation as important drivers for several species, mainly native broadleaves. By contrast, woodland connectivity, afforestation and the level of conifer coverage were the most important drivers of pest and disease burdens for conifer hosts. Deforestation was also an important driver, with effects on pest and disease burdens for both conifers and broadleaves. Our findings have implications for the management of the UK's treescapes in the face of continuing threats from tree pests and diseases, including supporting targeted surveillance and the prioritisation of tree species for future planting.

Central Europe has been a hotspot of forest disturbance during 2018-2020, with large pulses of tree mortality from drought and bark beetles. Post-disturbance recovery is crucial for forest resilience and the continued provision of ecosystem services. We surveyed 849 plots in disturbance hotspots across 10 Central European countries to assess the state of early (3-5 years) post-disturbance tree regeneration. Our specific objectives were to quantify post-disturbance tree recovery, identify key drivers, and assess future trajectories using model-based analyses. We found robust tree recovery throughout Central Europe, with median stem densities of 4750 n ha^-1. Only 7% of plots had no regeneration. Regeneration density increased with precipitation, particularly at warm sites, and decreased with disturbance severity and size. The most frequently regenerating tree species was Picea abies (present on 48% of plots), a species that is poorly adapted to future heat and drought. Overall, we found that 75% of the currently established trees are projected to be outside of their climatic niche by the end of the century under moderate climate change (RCP4.5). We conclude that while Central European forests recover well from recent disturbances, they lack sufficient post-disturbance reorganization to enable sufficient adaptation to future climate.