太平洋岛屿人类钩端螺旋体感染的驱动因素:系统回顾。

IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI:10.1017/S0950268824001250
Sahil Kharwadkar, Philip Weinstein, Jessica Stanhope
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引用次数: 0

摘要

钩端螺旋体病是一种细菌性人畜共患病,对全球公共卫生造成的风险越来越大。太平洋岛屿社区极易爆发钩端螺旋体病,但人们对当地感染的驱动因素仍然知之甚少。我们进行了一项系统综述,以确定太平洋岛屿人类钩端螺旋体感染的驱动因素。共纳入了 42 项研究,并对研究结果进行了描述性综合。在热带太平洋岛屿,感染是社会人口因素(如男性/性别、20 至 60 岁、土著民族和贫困)、生活方式因素(如游泳、园艺和开放性皮肤伤口)和环境因素(包括季节性、暴雨和接触啮齿动物、牛和猪)共同作用的结果。这些岛屿可能采取的缓解策略包括:在地区层面加强疾病报告标准;在社区层面改善水安全、啮齿动物控制和猪舍管理;针对个人层面的感染因素开展宣传活动。相比之下,在新西兰,接触主要是职业性的,感染发生在肉类和农场工人身上。因此,干预措施可包括调整职业习惯和促进动物疫苗接种。鉴于疾病传播的复杂性和气候变化带来的未来挑战,需要在太平洋岛屿采取进一步行动控制钩端螺旋体病。
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Drivers of human Leptospira infection in the Pacific Islands: A systematic review.

Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis that poses an increasing global public health risk. Pacific Island communities are highly vulnerable to leptospirosis outbreaks, yet the local drivers of infection remain poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review to identify the drivers of human Leptospira infection in the Pacific Islands. There were 42 included studies from which findings were synthesized descriptively. In tropical Pacific Islands, infections were a product of sociodemographic factors such as male gender/sex, age 20 to 60 years, Indigenous ethnicity, and poverty; lifestyle factors such as swimming, gardening, and open skin wounds; and environmental factors, including seasonality, heavy rainfall, and exposure to rodents, cattle, and pigs. Possible mitigation strategies in these islands include strengthening disease reporting standards at a regional level; improving water security, rodent control, and piggery management at a community level; and information campaigns to target individual-level drivers of infection. By contrast, in New Zealand, exposures were predominantly occupational, with infections occurring in meat and farm workers. Accordingly, interventions could include adjustments to occupational practices and promoting the uptake of animal vaccinations. Given the complexity of disease transmission and future challenges posed by climate change, further action is required for leptospirosis control in the Pacific Islands.

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来源期刊
Epidemiology and Infection
Epidemiology and Infection 医学-传染病学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
2.40%
发文量
366
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: Epidemiology & Infection publishes original reports and reviews on all aspects of infection in humans and animals. Particular emphasis is given to the epidemiology, prevention and control of infectious diseases. The scope covers the zoonoses, outbreaks, food hygiene, vaccine studies, statistics and the clinical, social and public-health aspects of infectious disease, as well as some tropical infections. It has become the key international periodical in which to find the latest reports on recently discovered infections and new technology. For those concerned with policy and planning for the control of infections, the papers on mathematical modelling of epidemics caused by historical, current and emergent infections are of particular value.
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