{"title":"植物化学物质和药用植物在预防和治疗阿尔茨海默病方面作用的最新进展。","authors":"Akanksha Mishra, Sairam Krishnamurthy","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2024.77760.16826","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medicinal plants and phytochemicals are some of the major sources in the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is no FDA-approved drug to target AD pathology directly. Full cognitive restoration and management of psychosis-like symptoms are still to be achieved. Being comparatively safer with fewer side effects, medicinal plants have been among the major areas of interest to be researched. Several mechanistic pathways are involved in AD including anticholinesterase activity, glutamate toxicity, free radicals generation, Amyloid β (Aβ) toxicity, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Various phytochemicals such as paenol, andrographolide, isoquercitrin, flavonoids, and saponins obtained from different plant sources, various medicinal plants like <i>Spirulina maxima, Salicornia europaea, Curcuma longa, Citrus Junos Tanaka, Cassiae semen, Centella asiatica</i> as well as various traditional medicinal plants of China, Asia, Europe, Turkey, and Iran have been found effective against one or more of these targets. Large numbers of clinical trials are under process to evaluate the role of different phytoconstituents in AD management. Out of 143 agents under clinical trials, 119 have been categorized as disease-modifying agents. The present review extensively covers the recent advancements in the usage of phytochemicals and medicinal plants in various experimental AD models. It involves clinical trials and other research works divided into three sections, including those performed <i>in vitro, in vivo</i>, and in humans mainly from the last five years along with disease markers and mechanistic pathways involved. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
药用植物和植物化学物质是治疗包括阿尔茨海默病(AD)在内的各种神经退行性疾病的主要来源。目前还没有直接针对阿尔茨海默病病理的药物获得美国食品及药物管理局的批准。完全恢复认知能力和控制类似精神病的症状仍有待实现。药用植物相对更安全,副作用更小,一直是研究的重点领域之一。多发性硬化症涉及多种机理途径,包括抗胆碱酯酶活性、谷氨酸毒性、自由基生成、淀粉样蛋白 β(Aβ)毒性、炎症和线粒体功能障碍。从不同植物来源、各种药用植物(如大螺旋藻、欧鼠李、莪术、田中橘、决明子精液、积雪草)以及中国、亚洲、欧洲、土耳其和伊朗的各种传统药用植物中提取的各种植物化学物质(如萜烯醇、穿心莲内酯、异槲皮苷、黄酮类化合物和皂甙)已被发现对这些靶点中的一个或多个靶点有效。目前正在进行大量临床试验,以评估不同植物成分在治疗注意力缺失症中的作用。在 143 种正在进行临床试验的药物中,有 119 种被归类为疾病改变药物。本综述广泛介绍了植物化学物质和药用植物在各种 AD 实验模型中应用的最新进展。它涉及临床试验和其他研究工作,分为三个部分,包括主要在过去五年中进行的体外、体内和人体试验,以及疾病标志物和相关机理途径。然而,要实现 AD 的神经恢复,还需要进一步探索植物化学物质。
Recent advancements in the role of phytochemicals and medicinal plants in prophylaxis and management of Alzheimer's disease.
Medicinal plants and phytochemicals are some of the major sources in the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is no FDA-approved drug to target AD pathology directly. Full cognitive restoration and management of psychosis-like symptoms are still to be achieved. Being comparatively safer with fewer side effects, medicinal plants have been among the major areas of interest to be researched. Several mechanistic pathways are involved in AD including anticholinesterase activity, glutamate toxicity, free radicals generation, Amyloid β (Aβ) toxicity, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Various phytochemicals such as paenol, andrographolide, isoquercitrin, flavonoids, and saponins obtained from different plant sources, various medicinal plants like Spirulina maxima, Salicornia europaea, Curcuma longa, Citrus Junos Tanaka, Cassiae semen, Centella asiatica as well as various traditional medicinal plants of China, Asia, Europe, Turkey, and Iran have been found effective against one or more of these targets. Large numbers of clinical trials are under process to evaluate the role of different phytoconstituents in AD management. Out of 143 agents under clinical trials, 119 have been categorized as disease-modifying agents. The present review extensively covers the recent advancements in the usage of phytochemicals and medicinal plants in various experimental AD models. It involves clinical trials and other research works divided into three sections, including those performed in vitro, in vivo, and in humans mainly from the last five years along with disease markers and mechanistic pathways involved. However, phytochemicals should be explored further in order to achieve neurorestoration in AD.
期刊介绍:
The Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences (IJBMS) is a peer-reviewed, monthly publication by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran . The Journal of "IJBMS” is a modern forum for scientific communication. Data and information, useful to investigators in any discipline in basic medical sciences mainly including Anatomical Sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics, Immunology, Microbiology, Pathology, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Physiology, will be published after they have been peer reviewed. This will also include reviews and multidisciplinary research.