非洲的水、环境卫生和个人卫生(WASH)做法:探讨对公共卫生和可持续发展计划的影响。

IF 3.6 Q1 TROPICAL MEDICINE Tropical Medicine and Health Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI:10.1186/s41182-024-00614-3
Olalekan John Okesanya, Gilbert Eshun, Bonaventure Michael Ukoaka, Emery Manirambona, Olaleke Noah Olabode, Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola, Inibehe Ime Okon, Safayet Jamil, Amandeep Singh, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno, Habib Mohammad Ali, A B M Alauddin Chowdhury
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:不良的饮水、环卫和讲卫生(WASH)习惯构成了严重的公共健康风险,影响着全球三分之一的人口。在改善讲卫生运动方面已经取得了显著进展;然而,挑战依然存在,人口的快速增长增加了讲卫生运动系统的压力。本研究探讨了非洲讲卫生运动和疾病的现状,明确了面临的挑战,并提出了可持续实施的公共卫生建议:在低收入和中等收入国家(LMICs),尤其是在非洲,与讲卫生运动相关的疾病造成的沉重负担威胁着公众健康,每年有数百万人因讲卫生运动不当而死亡,残疾调整生命年(DALYs)也因此而减少。困扰该地区讲卫生运动的显著挑战包括贫困、营养不良、数据报告不完善、文盲、气候变化和医疗资金匮乏。这导致了不良的健康后果,包括霍乱、伤寒、痢疾和腹泻等水传播疾病。此外,肠道蠕虫、血吸虫病、沙眼等被忽视的热带疾病(NTD)、生产力损失以及土壤和地下水污染造成的环境污染也与此有关。地域差异、文化规范和资金不足使改善讲卫生运动基础设施和实践的工作更加复杂。全球需要齐心协力解决这些问题,让讲卫生运动通过预防传染病和促进经济增长来保护人类健康。为了在非洲采取更有力的讲卫生运动方法,建议采用强有力的财政框架、技能培训和工具(如 WASH Fit):水、环境卫生和个人卫生状况不佳的后果不仅会影响公众健康,还会影响经济增长、性别平等和环境可持续性。水援助组织的政策建议优先考虑政府管理、机构能力提升和更多的财政资源,这些都是权宜之计。
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Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices in Africa: exploring the effects on public health and sustainable development plans.

Background: Suboptimal water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices constitute a serious public health risk, affecting one-third of the world's population. Remarkable progress has been made to improve WASH; however, challenges remain, with rapid population growth adding pressure on WASH systems. This study explores the current state of WASH practices and diseases in Africa, identifies challenges, and proposes public health recommendations for sustainable implementation.

Main body: The staggering burden of WASH-related diseases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in Africa, threatens public health, with millions of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to poor WASH practices annually. Notable challenges plaguing WASH practices in the region include poverty, malnutrition, poor data reporting, illiteracy, climate change, and poor healthcare financing. This results in adverse health consequences, including waterborne infections like cholera, typhoid, dysentery, and diarrheal diseases. Additionally, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) such as intestinal worms, schistosomiasis, trachoma, lost productivity, and environmental pollution from soil and underground water contamination have been implicated. Geographical disparities, cultural norms, and inadequate funding further complicate efforts to improve WASH infrastructure and practices. Globally concerted efforts are required to address these issues and permit WASH practices to protect human health by preventing infectious diseases and contributing to economic growth. Strong financial frameworks, skills training, and tools like WASH Fit are recommended for a stronger WASH approach in Africa.

Conclusion: The consequences of poor WASH extend beyond public health, impacting economic growth, gender equality, and environmental sustainability. WaterAid's policy recommendations prioritizing government administration, institutional capacity enhancement, and more financial resources are expedient.

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来源期刊
Tropical Medicine and Health
Tropical Medicine and Health TROPICAL MEDICINE-
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
2.20%
发文量
90
审稿时长
11 weeks
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