A digital CRISPR-dCas9-based gene remodeling biocomputer programmed by dietary compounds in mammals.

CRISPR-dCas9 (dead Cas9 protein) technology, combined with chemical molecules and light-triggered genetic switches, offers customizable control over gene perturbation. However, these simple ON/OFF switches cannot precisely determine the sophisticated perturbation process. Here, we developed a resveratrol and protocatechuic acid-programmed CRISPR-mediated gene remodeling biocomputer (REPA_CRISPR) for conditional endogenous transcriptional regulation of genes in vitro and in vivo. Two REPA_CRISPR variants, REPA_CRISPRi and REPA_CRISPRa, were designed for the logic control of gene inhibition and activation, respectively. We successfully demonstrated the digital computations of single or multiplexed endogenous gene transcription by using REPA_CRISPRa. We also established mathematical models to predict the dose-responsive transcriptional levels of a target endogenous gene controlled by REPA_CRISPRa. Moreover, high levels of endogenous gene activation in mice mediated by the AND logic gate demonstrated computational control of CRISPR-dCas9-based epigenome remodeling in mice. This CRISPR-based biocomputer expands the synthetic biology toolbox and can potentially advance gene-based precision medicine. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.