{"title":"评估基于睡茄的补充剂对病毒感染的免疫调节和抗病毒特性。","authors":"Dileep Kumar Verma , Abdul Hasan , Manickavasagam Rengaraju , Shree Devi , Geetika Sharma , Vimal Narayanan , Sathiyarajeswaran Parameswaran , Thirumal Kumar D , Kanakavalli Kadarkarai , Sujatha Sunil","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100955","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Viral mediated diseases are continuously posing potent threat to human health. Nutraceuticals are being employed as novel therapeutics during viral outbreaks. MAM granules consist of <em>Curcuma longa</em>, <em>Withania somnifera</em>, and <em>Piper nigrum</em>, is one such patented Siddha nutraceutical supplement that has been proposed to be a therapeutic agent against viral diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We characterised MAM for their phytochemical and physicochemical properties and evaluated its cytotoxicity via <em>in vivo</em> acute toxicity studies using Wistar rats and by cell-based MTT assays.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>The antiviral properties of the aqueous extract of MAM were investigated against SARS-CoV-2 and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Further, using ABTS radical scavenging, SOD enzymatic assays and measurement of intracellular ROS, we investigated the antioxidant potential of MAM extract and its ingredients in RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, production of inflammatory mediators was evaluated via NO release, PGE2 production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1<em>β</em> and TNF<em>α</em>).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MAM granules and aqueous extracts demonstrated no significant toxicity and demonstrated potent antiviral activity during co-incubation assay with SARS-CoV-2 and CHIKV. Moreover, we observed potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of MAM extract in a dose dependent manner. Further investigations on the individual ingredients with respect to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities showed that all ingredients contributed synergistically and <em>Withania somnifera</em> showed most potent anti-oxidant activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The overall in vitro, and <em>in vivo</em> analysis demonstrated that MAM granules were non-toxic and possessed potent antiviral activity. Additionally, observed significant anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of MAM suggested the modulation of innate immune response in the host validating its use as an effective nutraceutical during viral outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","volume":"15 5","pages":"Article 100955"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Evaluation of Withania somnifera based supplement for immunomodulatory and antiviral properties against viral infection\",\"authors\":\"Dileep Kumar Verma , Abdul Hasan , Manickavasagam Rengaraju , Shree Devi , Geetika Sharma , Vimal Narayanan , Sathiyarajeswaran Parameswaran , Thirumal Kumar D , Kanakavalli Kadarkarai , Sujatha Sunil\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100955\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Viral mediated diseases are continuously posing potent threat to human health. Nutraceuticals are being employed as novel therapeutics during viral outbreaks. MAM granules consist of <em>Curcuma longa</em>, <em>Withania somnifera</em>, and <em>Piper nigrum</em>, is one such patented Siddha nutraceutical supplement that has been proposed to be a therapeutic agent against viral diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We characterised MAM for their phytochemical and physicochemical properties and evaluated its cytotoxicity via <em>in vivo</em> acute toxicity studies using Wistar rats and by cell-based MTT assays.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>The antiviral properties of the aqueous extract of MAM were investigated against SARS-CoV-2 and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Further, using ABTS radical scavenging, SOD enzymatic assays and measurement of intracellular ROS, we investigated the antioxidant potential of MAM extract and its ingredients in RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, production of inflammatory mediators was evaluated via NO release, PGE2 production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1<em>β</em> and TNF<em>α</em>).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MAM granules and aqueous extracts demonstrated no significant toxicity and demonstrated potent antiviral activity during co-incubation assay with SARS-CoV-2 and CHIKV. Moreover, we observed potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of MAM extract in a dose dependent manner. Further investigations on the individual ingredients with respect to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities showed that all ingredients contributed synergistically and <em>Withania somnifera</em> showed most potent anti-oxidant activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The overall in vitro, and <em>in vivo</em> analysis demonstrated that MAM granules were non-toxic and possessed potent antiviral activity. Additionally, observed significant anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of MAM suggested the modulation of innate immune response in the host validating its use as an effective nutraceutical during viral outbreaks.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":15150,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine\",\"volume\":\"15 5\",\"pages\":\"Article 100955\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0975947624000706\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"INTEGRATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0975947624000706","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INTEGRATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：病毒介导的疾病不断对人类健康构成严重威胁。在病毒爆发期间，保健食品被用作新型疗法。由莪术、睡莲和胡椒组成的 MAM 颗粒就是这样一种获得专利的 Siddha 营养保健品，已被建议用作病毒性疾病的治疗剂：我们研究了 MAM 的植物化学和物理化学特性，并通过使用 Wistar 大鼠进行体内急性毒性研究和基于细胞的 MTT 试验评估了其细胞毒性：研究了 MAM 水提取物对 SARS-CoV-2 和基孔肯雅病毒 (CHIKV) 的抗病毒特性。此外，我们还使用 ABTS 自由基清除、SOD 酶测定和细胞内 ROS 测量方法，研究了 MAM 提取物及其成分在 RAW264.7 细胞中的抗氧化潜力。此外，还通过 NO 释放、PGE2 产生和促炎细胞因子（IL-1β 和 TNFα）释放评估了炎症介质的产生：结果：在与 SARS-CoV-2 和 CHIKV 的共孵育试验中，MAM 颗粒和水提取物没有显示出明显的毒性，并表现出了强大的抗病毒活性。此外，我们还观察到 MAM 提取物具有很强的抗氧化和抗炎活性，其活性与剂量有关。对各种成分的抗氧化和抗炎活性的进一步研究表明，所有成分都具有协同作用，而睡茄的抗氧化活性最强：体外和体内的总体分析表明，MAM 颗粒无毒，具有强大的抗病毒活性。此外，还观察到 MAM 具有明显的抗氧化和抗炎特性，这表明它能调节宿主的先天免疫反应，因此可在病毒爆发时用作有效的营养保健品。
Evaluation of Withania somnifera based supplement for immunomodulatory and antiviral properties against viral infection
Background
Viral mediated diseases are continuously posing potent threat to human health. Nutraceuticals are being employed as novel therapeutics during viral outbreaks. MAM granules consist of Curcuma longa, Withania somnifera, and Piper nigrum, is one such patented Siddha nutraceutical supplement that has been proposed to be a therapeutic agent against viral diseases.
Objective
We characterised MAM for their phytochemical and physicochemical properties and evaluated its cytotoxicity via in vivo acute toxicity studies using Wistar rats and by cell-based MTT assays.
Materials and Methods
The antiviral properties of the aqueous extract of MAM were investigated against SARS-CoV-2 and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Further, using ABTS radical scavenging, SOD enzymatic assays and measurement of intracellular ROS, we investigated the antioxidant potential of MAM extract and its ingredients in RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, production of inflammatory mediators was evaluated via NO release, PGE2 production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα).
Results
The MAM granules and aqueous extracts demonstrated no significant toxicity and demonstrated potent antiviral activity during co-incubation assay with SARS-CoV-2 and CHIKV. Moreover, we observed potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of MAM extract in a dose dependent manner. Further investigations on the individual ingredients with respect to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities showed that all ingredients contributed synergistically and Withania somnifera showed most potent anti-oxidant activity.
Conclusion
The overall in vitro, and in vivo analysis demonstrated that MAM granules were non-toxic and possessed potent antiviral activity. Additionally, observed significant anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of MAM suggested the modulation of innate immune response in the host validating its use as an effective nutraceutical during viral outbreaks.
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