气候变化导致的干旱和暴风增加了中国亚热带季风常绿阔叶林物种和性状组成的变异性

IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Forest Ecosystems Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI:10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100253
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景气候变化正在加速改变世界各地的森林物种和群落组成,尤其是在发生严重干旱和暴风等极端事件之后。我们分析了中国亚热带季风常绿阔叶林中一块 1 公顷永久性地块的独特数据集,该数据集从 1994 年到 2020 年进行了六次调查,共监测了 26 年。这片森林已有 400 多年没有受到人为干扰。在每次调查中,我们测量了胸径(DBH)≥ 1 厘米的所有树木,并记录了与光合作用、木材特性、水分利用和养分动态有关的 11 种植物功能特征。利用这些数据,我们计算了物种和性状离散度,评估了严重干旱和暴风事件后物种和性状组成的短期(∼5 年)和长期(26 年)趋势。结果严重干旱和随后的干旱增加了物种和性状离散度,而物种组成趋于一致,性状离散度在整个恢复期保持相对稳定。暴风事件导致物种扩散增加,但性状扩散减少。我们观察到,在这些气候压力下,物种和性状组成都发生了明显的方向性变化,与物种离散度相比,性状离散度的增加更为明显。在 26 年的时间里,虽然随机过程也发挥了作用,但确定性过程主要推动了群落组成的变化,尤其是性状组成的变化。这些发现建议在管理实践中通过保护适应性物种或增加物种多样性来提高森林对气候压力的适应能力。
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Droughts and windstorms due to climate change increase variability in species and trait composition of a subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest in China

Background

Climate change is accelerating alterations in forest species and community composition worldwide, especially following extreme events like severe droughts and windstorms. Understanding these effects on subtropical forests is crucial for conservation and forest management, but it remains unclear whether the impacts are stochastic or deterministic.

Methods

We analyzed a unique dataset from a 1-ha permanent plot in a subtropical monsoon broadleaf evergreen forest in China, monitored over 26 years with six surveys from 1994 to 2020. The forest has been free from anthropogenic disturbances for over 400 years. In each survey, we measured all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ​≥ ​1 ​cm, and recorded 11 plant functional traits relating to photosynthesis, wood properties, water use, and nutrient dynamics. Using this data, we calculated species and trait dispersion, assessing short-term (∼5 years) and long-term (26 years) trends in species and trait composition following severe droughts and windstorm events.

Results

Severe droughts, and subsequent droughts, increased both species and trait dispersion, while species composition converged, and trait dispersion remained relatively stable throughout the recovery period. Windstorm events led to increased species dispersion but decreased trait dispersion. We observed a clear directional shift in both species and trait composition under these climatic stressors, with a more pronounced increase in trait dispersion compared to species dispersion.

Conclusion

In the short term (∼5 years), severe droughts and windstorms increased species composition divergence, while trait composition responses varied. Over 26 years, deterministic processes mainly drove community composition changes, especially for trait composition, although stochastic processes also played a role. These findings suggest enhancing forest resilience to climatic stressors by protecting adaptive species or increasing species diversity in management practices.
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来源期刊
Forest Ecosystems
Forest Ecosystems Environmental Science-Nature and Landscape Conservation
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
4.90%
发文量
1115
审稿时长
22 days
期刊介绍: Forest Ecosystems is an open access, peer-reviewed journal publishing scientific communications from any discipline that can provide interesting contributions about the structure and dynamics of "natural" and "domesticated" forest ecosystems, and their services to people. The journal welcomes innovative science as well as application oriented work that will enhance understanding of woody plant communities. Very specific studies are welcome if they are part of a thematic series that provides some holistic perspective that is of general interest.
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