Forest Ecosystems最新文献

Radial growth and its temporal stability of Dahurian larch in the southern boreal forest: Divergent trends during climate warming and warming hiatus 南方北方森林大湖落叶松径向生长与时间稳定性：气候变暖与变暖中断期间的不同趋势

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100418

Zhongtong Peng , Enzai Du , Yang Tang , Tao He , Yuehan Tian

Climate warming has reshaped the structure and function of global boreal forest with expected negative impacts at its southern margins. A warming hiatus has occurred in many high-latitude regions in recent decades, but its impacts on tree growth in the southern boreal forest remain unclear. We sampled tree rings of Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii) in the southern boreal forest of the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM) and examined the trends of tree growth and its temporal stability based on the age-detrended basal area increment (BAI) for the periods of rapid warming (1962–1992) and warming hiatus (1993–2022). The results indicate that age-detrended BAI declined significantly during the warming period, while it showed no further decrease during the period of warming hiatus. Tree growth decline was associated with higher daily maximum air temperature in the main growing season and daily minimum air temperature in the non-growing season, as well as lower precipitation in the early growing season and daily minimum air temperature in the main growing season. During the warming hiatus, tree growth was positively regulated by the precipitation in the non-growing season, daily maximum air temperature in the early growing season, and daily minimum air temperature in the main growing season, but negatively affected by the daily maximum air temperature in the late growing season. Intriguingly, tree growth stability declined significantly during the warming period and recovered rapidly during the period of warming hiatus. The decline in tree growth stability was mainly explained by increasing daily minimum air temperature in the non-growing season. The recovery of tree growth stability was associated with lower precipitation in the non-growing season, higher interannual stability of daily maximum air temperature in the early growing season, higher interannual mean value and stability of daily maximum air temperature in the late growing season, and lower interannual mean value and stability of daily minimum air temperature in the main growing season. Our findings highlight a rapid recovery of tree growth stability instead of growth rate during the warming hiatus following a period of rapid warming and provide new insights into the decadal-scale resilience of the southern boreal forest in response to climate change.

气候变暖重塑了北方森林的结构和功能，预计会对其南缘产生负面影响。近几十年来，许多高纬度地区出现了变暖中断，但其对南方北方森林树木生长的影响尚不清楚。对大兴安岭南缘北方针叶林大湖落叶松（Larix gmelinii）的树木年轮进行了采样，并基于快速增温期（1962—1992）和增温期（1993—2022）的年龄趋势基础面积增长量（BAI）研究了树木生长的趋势及其时间稳定性。结果表明：增温期年龄趋势BAI显著下降，增温中断期无进一步下降趋势；树木生长下降与主生长期最高温度和非生长期最低温度升高、早生长期降水和主生长期最低温度降低有关。增温中断期间，非生长期降水、早生长期最高温度和主生长期最低温度对林木生长有正向调节作用，而晚生长期最高温度对林木生长有负向影响。树木生长稳定性在增温期显著下降，在增温中断期迅速恢复。树木生长稳定性下降的主要原因是非生长期最低温度的升高。树木生长稳定性的恢复与非生长季降水减少、生长季早期最高温度年际稳定性较高、生长季晚期最高温度年际平均值和稳定性较高、主要生长季最低温度年际平均值和稳定性较低有关。我们的研究结果强调了在快速变暖之后的变暖中断期间树木生长稳定性的快速恢复而不是增长率，并为南方北方森林应对气候变化的十年尺度弹性提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Tree community composition modulates early-stage decomposition of standard litter through chemical and physical engineering 树木群落组成通过化学和物理工程调节标准凋落物的早期分解

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100387

Joachim López , Karen Vancampenhout , Bart Muys , Quentin Ponette

Litter decomposition is an essential ecosystem process influenced by multiple factors, including substrate quality, climate, edaphic environment, and decomposer communities. However, the role of canopy species identity and diversity on leaf litter decomposition in forests remains understudied. By controlling for macroclimate, soil properties, and litter substrate in a mature common garden, we investigated whether a three-month tea bag incubation of standardized green and rooibos tea substrate is driven by canopy tree species characteristics and diversity. Our study hypothesized two primary pathways: a chemical engineering effect, where trees alter soil properties and decomposer communities through litter input, and a physical engineering effect, where tree canopy structure modulates the local microclimate. The results showed that even under uniform macroclimatic and initial soil conditions, mass loss rates varied widely for green tea (27.4%–73.2%) and rooibos tea (6.1%–34.7%), comparable as found in other research between distinct biomes. While substrate quality was the dominant factor, both engineering pathways and, to a minor extent, tree diversity modulated mass losses. For green tea, tree chemical and physical characteristics seemed equally important, while the physical environment showed an increased importance for rooibos. Incubation depth played a key role, where forest floor decomposition rates are more susceptible to temporal climate variations, and soil-layer decomposition rates are less susceptible to climate variations and more determined by tree species identity. Our findings suggest that tea bag experiments focusing solely on topsoil burial may underestimate processes in the forest floor and the mineral-organic boundary layer. This study underscores the critical role of litter substrate quality in decomposition while demonstrating that tree community composition and the associated herbaceous layer, through both chemical and physical engineering pathways, strongly modulate decomposition rates.

凋落物分解是一个重要的生态系统过程，受基质质量、气候、土壤环境和分解者群落等多种因素的影响。然而，林冠物种身份和多样性对凋落叶分解的影响尚未得到充分研究。通过控制大气候、土壤性质和凋落物基质，我们研究了标准绿茶和路易波士茶基质3个月的茶包孵化是否受到树冠树种特征和多样性的驱动。我们的研究假设了两种主要途径：化学工程效应，即树木通过凋落物输入改变土壤性质和分解者群落；物理工程效应，即树冠结构调节当地小气候。结果表明，即使在相同的宏观气候和初始土壤条件下，绿茶（27.4% ~ 73.2%）和路易波士茶（6.1% ~ 34.7%）的质量损失率也有很大差异，这与不同生物群系之间的其他研究结果相当。虽然基质质量是主要因素，但工程途径和树木多样性在较小程度上调节了质量损失。对于绿茶来说，树木的化学和物理特性似乎同样重要，而物理环境对路易波士红茶的重要性则更大。孵化深度发挥了关键作用，其中森林地面分解率更容易受到时间气候变化的影响，而土层分解率不太容易受到气候变化的影响，更多地取决于树种特性。我们的研究结果表明，仅仅关注表土埋藏的茶包实验可能低估了森林地面和矿物-有机边界层的过程。本研究强调了凋落物基质质量在分解中的关键作用，同时表明树木群落组成和相关草本层通过化学和物理工程途径强烈调节分解速率。

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引用次数: 0

The overlooked role of individual variability in autumn xylem phenology and carbon sequestration 个体变异在秋季木质部物候和固碳中被忽视的作用

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100414

Chunsong Wang , Jean-Daniel Sylvain , Roberto Silvestro , Guillaume Drolet , Keyan Fang , Sergio Rossi

Accurate modeling of carbon sequestration by forests requires scaling wood formation processes from trees to the landscape. The quantification of growth and carbon dynamics requires deep knowledge of the variability in xylem phenology among individuals. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of seasonal and individual variability in xylem phenology based on more than 800 balsam firs (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) monitored weekly across 33 plots from 2018 to 2022 in Montmorency Forest, Quebec, Canada. Wood microcores were collected from April to October to quantify the timings of cambial activity and xylem development on anatomical sections observed at high magnification under the microscope. The first enlarging cells appeared between late May and early June (day of the year (DOY) 153–167), and cell-wall thickening ended in late August (DOY 223–238), resulting in a growing season of 63–79 days. Xylem production ranged from 27.4 to 47.9 radial cells. While the onset of xylogenesis was well synchronized among individuals, within 2 weeks, the cessation of growth showed a greater variability, reaching up to 3 weeks. This autumnal variability was positively correlated with wood production, as higher cambial activity increases the accumulation of xylem cells to be differentiated. Our findings provide empirical evidence that individual variability in growth cessation reflects the underlying heterogeneity in cambial activity among trees of the same stand. Our results demonstrate the role of xylem phenology, especially during the autumn, in shaping forest growth. The assessment of both seasonal and individual variability in phenology is an essential step to improve the representation of autumn processes in forest carbon models, which can help to reduce the uncertainty in predictions of boreal forest growth under current or future climate scenarios.

森林固碳的精确建模需要按比例计算从树木到景观的木材形成过程。生长和碳动态的量化需要深入了解个体间木质部物候变化。本文以800多株苦瓜冷杉（Abies balsamea (L.)）为研究对象，对木质部物候的季节和个体变异进行了综合评价。Mill.)从2018年到2022年，每周对加拿大魁北克省蒙特莫伦西森林的33个地块进行监测。从4月到10月采集木材微芯，在高倍显微镜下观察解剖切片，量化形成层活性和木质部发育的时间。5月下旬至6月上旬（年初一（DOY） 153 ~ 167）出现第一次细胞增大，细胞壁增厚结束于8月下旬（DOY 223 ~ 238），生长期63 ~ 79 d。木质部产量为27.4 ~ 47.9个径向细胞。虽然个体间木质化的开始是同步的，但在2周内，生长停止表现出更大的变异性，可达3周。这种秋季变异与木材产量呈正相关，因为更高的形成层活性增加了木质部细胞的积累。我们的研究结果提供了经验证据，表明生长停止的个体差异反映了同一林分树木形成层活性的潜在异质性。我们的研究结果证明了木质部物候的作用，特别是在秋季，在塑造森林生长。对物候学的季节和个体变异进行评估是改善森林碳模型中秋季过程表征的必要步骤，这有助于减少在当前或未来气候情景下对北方森林生长预测的不确定性。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial – Reflection on a decade of publications at the journal Forest Ecosystems 社论-对森林生态系统杂志十年出版物的反思

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2026.100429

Osbert Jianxin Sun ((PhD, Professor, Executive Editor-in-Chief of Forest Ecosystems)), John A. Kershaw Jr. ((PhD, Professor, Executive Editor-in-Chief of Forest Ecosystems))

引用次数: 0

New and established regression techniques to address design-bias trends in fixed populations 新的和建立的回归技术，以解决固定人群的设计偏差趋势

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2026.100428

Magnus Ekström, Christoffer Axelsson, Göran Ståhl

In many studies applying remotely sensed data and regression analysis for assessing ecosystem characteristics, such as biomass or growing stock volume in forests, a trend from over-predicting small true values to under-predicting large true values is observed. The reason for this trend often remains elusive, but it can be shown that it is a direct consequence of, deliberately or by mistake, adopting a design-based inference perspective when evaluating the results from model-based predictions. However, the design-bias trend is problematic in many applications, because the real conditions within the ecosystem studied will not be correctly determined. Instead, predictions tend to be shrunk towards the mean value of the target variable in the sample data used for estimating the parameters of the prediction model. Thus, calibration techniques to mitigate the design-bias trend have been proposed by some authors. In this article, we evaluate various regression techniques with respect to bias. The method of evaluation is founded on design-based inference, and thus, with regard to terminology, the regression techniques are used for estimating fixed quantities at the level of population elements rather than for predicting random quantities, as in the case of model-based inference. With aerial laser scanning data or digital aerial photographs, standard ordinary least squares (OLS) regression combined with classical calibration (CC) and the new MAVGAR method performed best in terms of bias, and produced good or reasonably good root mean square error (RMSE) values. The MAVGAR method aims to minimize the mean of the absolute values of groupwise average residuals, which is the origin of its name. None of the evaluated methods performed well in producing estimates with low bias when optical satellite data were used.

在许多应用遥感数据和回归分析评估生态系统特征（如森林生物量或蓄积量）的研究中，观察到一种趋势，即从过度预测小真值到低估大真值。这种趋势的原因往往难以捉摸，但可以证明，这是在评估基于模型的预测结果时，有意或无意地采用基于设计的推理视角的直接后果。然而，设计偏差趋势在许多应用中是有问题的，因为所研究的生态系统中的真实条件将无法正确确定。相反，预测倾向于缩小到用于估计预测模型参数的样本数据中目标变量的平均值。因此，一些作者提出了减轻设计偏差趋势的校准技术。在本文中，我们评估了关于偏差的各种回归技术。评估方法建立在基于设计的推理基础上，因此，就术语而言，回归技术用于估计人口元素水平上的固定数量，而不是预测随机数量，就像基于模型的推理一样。对于航空激光扫描数据或数字航空照片，标准普通最小二乘（OLS）回归结合经典校准（CC）和新的MAVGAR方法在偏差方面表现最好，并产生良好或相当好的均方根误差（RMSE）值。MAVGAR方法的目的是最小化群平均残差绝对值的平均值，这是它的名字的由来。当使用光学卫星数据时，所评估的方法都不能很好地产生低偏差的估计值。

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引用次数: 0

Temperature determines the biomass of forest floor bryophytes: A cross-regional investigation in 413 sites 温度决定森林地面苔藓植物生物量：413个站点的跨区域调查

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100409

Zhe Wang , Defeng Feng , Yanqiang Jin , Mijun Zou , Beibei Gao , Xin Liu , Weikai Bao

Understory bryophytes play unique and disproportionately important roles in water retention, biogeochemical cycling, and biodiversity conservation, and serve as bioindicators of environmental health in forest ecosystems. However, biogeographical research on the biomass of forest bryophytes is inadequately studied and has been limited to elevational gradients. We conducted a systematic cross-regional survey of bryophyte biomass across 413 forest sites in Sichuan Province, China. We analyzed how each environmental variable, including climatic and atmospheric factors, overstory covers, and soil nutrients, relates to bryophyte biomass and quantified their relative contributions. The results indicate that, largely similar to previous local investigations and experiments, at a large scale, bryophytes are abundant in forests with lower temperature, nitrogen deposition, vapor pressure deficit, and tree and herb covers, as well as higher light availability. Moreover, bryophyte biomass is positively associated with soil carbon and nitrogen content. These environmental variables are closely related and jointly influence bryophyte biomass, with mean annual temperature being the most significant factor (accounting for 83% of the relative contribution). The biogeographical patterns of bryophyte biomass contribute to deepening our understanding of their adaptations to multiple environmental variables and enable us to predict their responses to global climate change. These patterns also provide essential evidence for establishing more accurate terrestrial vegetation ecosystem models.

林下苔藓植物在保水、生物地球化学循环和生物多样性保护等方面发挥着独特而重要的作用，是森林生态系统环境健康的生物指标。然而，关于森林苔藓生物量的生物地理学研究还不够充分，而且仅限于海拔梯度。对四川省413个森林样地的苔藓植物生物量进行了系统的跨区域调查。我们分析了气候和大气因子、植被覆盖度和土壤养分等环境变量与苔藓生物量的关系，并量化了它们的相对贡献。结果表明，与以往的局部调查和实验结果基本相似，在大尺度上，在温度较低、氮沉降较低、蒸汽压亏缺、乔木草本覆盖、光照有效度较高的森林中，苔藓植物丰富。此外，苔藓生物量与土壤碳氮含量呈正相关。这些环境变量密切相关，共同影响苔藓植物生物量，其中年平均温度是最显著的因素（占相对贡献的83%）。苔藓植物生物量的生物地理格局有助于加深我们对其适应多种环境变量的认识，并使我们能够预测其对全球气候变化的响应。这些模式也为建立更精确的陆地植被生态系统模型提供了重要依据。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced warming due to afforestation and deforestation driven by both radiative and non-radiative effects in the mid-latitude Greater and Lesser Khingan mountains ecoregion of China 中国中纬度大兴安岭和小兴安岭生态区辐射和非辐射双重驱动下的造林和毁林增温

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100407

Wenjuan Shen , Tongyu Wang , Zhuang Zuo , Jiaying He , Tao He , Xiangping Hu , Chengquan Huang

Temperate forests are vital for maintaining ecological security and regulating the global climate. Despite considerable controversy surrounding the biophysical impacts of temperate forests on mid-latitude temperatures, we analyzed the effects of forest cover change on local temperature using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model from 2010 to 2020 in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains (GLKM), Northeastern China, and explored the related driving factors. The conversions between forest and open lands (i.e., cropland and grassland) were predominant. During the growing season, the conversion of cropland and grassland to forest resulted in warming (0.38 ± 0.10 and 0.41 ± 0.09 °C, respectively) in air temperature (Ta), while the reverse conversion caused cooling (−0.31 ± 0.08 and −0.24 ± 0.07 °C, respectively), which was less than the changes observed in land surface temperature (LST). Conversion of forest to impervious land caused warming (1.16 ± 0.11 °C), and the opposite conversion resulted in cooling (−0.88 ± 0.17 °C). These results indicate that radiative effects like albedo and net radiation drive the significant net warming effect from afforestation on open lands within the temperate forest ecoregion. Conversely, conversion to impervious land produced the most substantial net warming impacts, driven by non-radiative effects like sensible heat, latent heat, and ground heat flux (GH). In these conversions, temperature can indirectly influence precipitation (Pre) through vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and Pre can also indirectly affect temperature via evapotranspiration (ET). This study highlights the need to thoroughly understand the impacts of afforestation in temperate forests while avoiding deforestation to regulate the climate effectively.

温带森林对维护生态安全和调节全球气候至关重要。尽管温带森林对中纬度气温的生物物理影响存在较大争议，但我们利用2010 - 2020年气象研究与预报（WRF）模型，分析了东北大兴安岭和小兴安岭地区森林覆盖变化对当地气温的影响，并探讨了相关驱动因素。森林和空地（即农田和草地）之间的转换占主导地位。在生长季，退耕还林导致气温（Ta）升温（分别为0.38±0.10和0.41±0.09°C），退耕还林导致气温（Ta）降温（分别为- 0.31±0.08和- 0.24±0.07°C），其变化幅度小于地表温度（LST）。森林向不透水土地转化导致升温（1.16±0.11°C），反之导致降温（- 0.88±0.17°C）。这些结果表明，反照率和净辐射等辐射效应驱动了温带森林生态区内开放土地造林的显著净增温效应。相反，在感热、潜热和地面热通量（GH）等非辐射效应的驱动下，向不透水土地的转化产生了最显著的净变暖影响。在这些转换中，温度可以通过蒸汽压差（VPD）间接影响降水（Pre），而Pre也可以通过蒸散发（ET）间接影响温度。这项研究强调了在避免滥伐以有效调节气候的同时，需要彻底了解温带森林造林的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Thinning counteracts drought-induced reduction in soil interception capacity during heavy rainfall in a larch plantation 在落叶松人工林中，间伐可以抵消因干旱导致的强降雨期间土壤截留能力的下降

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100415

Jiao Ma , Xiaomei Sun , Chunyan Wu , Dongsheng Chen , Hongxing Wang , Xin Ran , Shougong Zhang

Forest management and climate change critically shape forest ecosystem functions. The efficacy of thinning in mitigating drought impacts on forest soil–water conservation remains uncertain. In this study, hydrogen stable isotopes were used to quantify the contribution of rainfall to soil water (CRSW) under a four-year experiment combining precipitation reduction (−30%), thinning (45% of trees removed), and their interaction in a Larix kaempferi plantation. We found that prolonged precipitation reduction significantly reduced the contribution of heavy rainfall to soil water (CHRSW) by 8.15%–9.88%. However, thinning alone or combined with precipitation reduction significantly increased CHRSW by 11.47%–13.27% and 6.52%–8.77%, respectively. Additionally, the influence of canopy, understory vegetation, and litter on CHRSW declined with soil depth, while soil and root properties persistently affected CHRSW across 0–40 cm depths. Crucially, the positive effects of thinning on these variables consistently outweighed the negative impacts of precipitation reduction, resulting in a net increase in CHRSW. Therefore, thinning effectively mitigates drought-associated declines in soil interception capacity during heavy rainfall, indicating its potential as a climate-adaptive management strategy for sustaining soil–water conservation functions in managed forests.

森林管理和气候变化对森林生态系统功能有着至关重要的影响。疏伐对减轻干旱对森林水土保持影响的效果尚不确定。本研究在日本落叶松人工林进行了为期4年的降水减少（- 30%）、间伐（45%树木被砍伐）及其相互作用试验，利用氢稳定同位素定量分析了降雨对土壤水分的贡献。结果表明，长时间降水减少显著降低了强降雨对土壤水分（CHRSW）的贡献，减少幅度为8.15% ~ 9.88%。单作间伐或联合减降水显著增加了CHRSW，增幅分别为11.47% ~ 13.27%和6.52% ~ 8.77%。此外，冠层、林下植被和凋落物对CHRSW的影响随土壤深度的增加而降低，而土壤和根系特性在0 ~ 40 cm深度范围内持续影响CHRSW。至关重要的是，变薄对这些变量的积极影响始终超过降水减少的负面影响，导致CHRSW的净增加。因此，间伐有效缓解了暴雨期间因干旱导致的土壤截留能力下降，表明其作为一种气候适应性管理战略的潜力，可在管理森林中维持水土保持功能。

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引用次数: 0

Simulating silver fir provenance responses to climate change: A forest modelling approach in the Northern Apennines 模拟银杉种源对气候变化的响应：亚平宁山脉北部森林模拟方法

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100389

Silvio Daniele Oggioni , Lorenzo Matteo Walter Rossi , Silvia Terzago , Friedrich J. Bohn , Giorgio Vacchiano

Understanding how genetic variation within forest species influences growth responses under climate change is essential for improving the accuracy of forest models and guiding adaptive management strategies. This study models the dynamics of Italian silver fir (Abies alba) forests under varying climate change scenarios using the forest gap model FORMIND. Focusing on three distinct silver fir provenances (Western Alps, Northern Apennines, and Southern Apennines), the study simulates forest growth in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennine National Park under different representative concentration pathways (RCPs). The individual-based model FORMIND was parameterized and validated with field data for each of the provenances, demonstrating its ability to accurately reproduce key forest metrics and dynamics. Our results reveal significant differences in expected growth patterns, productivity, metabolism, and carbon storage capacity among the silver fir provenances in pure and mixed stands. In the simulations, the Northern Apennines provenance showed higher biomass production (biomass >10% ± 1%) and carbon uptake (net primary productivity, NPP >8% ± 1%) at the end of the century compared to the Western Alps provenance in the pure provenance (PP) and no regeneration scenario. Conversely, the Southern Apennines provenance showed higher biomass (biomass >5%–10%) and NPP (>15%–18%) in mixed provenance (MP) and regeneration scenarios. These results show that genetic diversity strongly affects forest growth and resilience to environmental changes. Hence, it should be included as a predictor variable in forest models. The study also demonstrates the resilience of silver fir to climatic stressors, emphasizing its potential as a robust species in multiple forest contexts. The integration of forest provenance data into the FORMIND model represents a significant advancement in forest modelling, enabling more accurate and reliable predictions under climate change scenarios. The study's findings advocate for a greater understanding and consideration of genetic diversity in forest management and conservation strategies, in support of assisted migration strategies aiming to enhance the resilience of forest ecosystems in a changing climate.

了解森林物种遗传变异如何影响气候变化下的生长响应，对于提高森林模型的准确性和指导适应性管理策略至关重要。本研究利用森林林隙模型FORMIND模拟了不同气候变化情景下意大利银杉（Abies alba）森林的动态变化。以三个不同的银杉种源（西阿尔卑斯山、北亚平宁和南亚平宁）为研究对象，模拟了托斯卡纳-艾米利亚亚平宁国家公园不同代表性浓度路径（rcp）下的森林生长。基于个体的FORMIND模型进行了参数化，并使用每个种源的现场数据进行了验证，证明了其准确再现关键森林指标和动态的能力。结果表明，纯种和混合林分不同种源间的预期生长模式、生产力、代谢和碳储量存在显著差异。在纯种源（PP）和无再生情景下，北亚平宁种源本世纪末的生物量产量（biomass >10%±1%）和碳吸收率（净初级生产力，NPP >8%±1%）高于西阿尔卑斯山种源。相反，在混合种源（MP）和再生情景下，南亚平宁种源表现出较高的生物量（5% ~ 10%）和NPP（15% ~ 18%）。这些结果表明，遗传多样性强烈影响森林生长和对环境变化的适应能力。因此，它应作为森林模型中的一个预测变量。该研究还证明了银杉对气候压力的适应能力，强调了它在多种森林环境中作为一个健壮物种的潜力。将森林种源数据整合到FORMIND模型中代表了森林建模的重大进步，使气候变化情景下的预测更加准确和可靠。该研究的结果提倡在森林管理和保护战略中更好地理解和考虑遗传多样性，以支持旨在增强森林生态系统在气候变化中的适应能力的辅助迁移战略。

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引用次数: 0

Comparing ecological memory effects of the bimodal radial growth in the Qinling Mountains and Mediterranean forests 比较秦岭与地中海森林双峰径向生长的生态记忆效应

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100402

Huiyue Yan , Xiaomin Zeng , Xiaohong Liu , Yu Xue , Quanxi Li , Lingnan Zhang , Jun Liu

Intra-annual climatic variability plays a critical role in regulating wood formation dynamics during the growing season, particularly in seasonally arid regions—such as the Qinling Mountains, China, and Mediterranean forests—where trees exhibit bimodal radial growth patterns as an adaptive response to water stress. While these growth patterns reflect immediate climatic conditions, the role of ecological memory, specifically vegetation growth carryover (VGC) and lagged climate effects (LCEs), remains poorly quantified. We employed the Vaganov–Shashkin (VS) model to analyze intra-annual bimodal growth patterns in two regions and used a vector autoregressive model with impulse response functions to assess the duration and intensity of VGC and LCE on tree-ring growth and remote sensing vegetation indices (leaf area index (LAI) and gross primary productivity (GPP)). Our results revealed bimodal growth patterns with spring and autumn peaks, but the autumn peak occurred earlier in the Qinling Mountains (August–October) than in Mediterranean forests (late September–October). VGC exerted the strongest influence on tree-ring growth in the first year, diminishing significantly after eight years in both regions (p < 0.01). Tree-ring growth exhibited positive LCE responses to precipitation and soil moisture but negative responses to temperature (p < 0.05). Remote sensing indices (LAI and GPP) displayed stronger VGC effects in the Qinling Mountains than in Mediterranean forests. While both LAI and GPP responded positively to soil moisture, temperature-induced LCE was positive in the Qinling Mountains but negative in the Mediterranean forests (p < 0.05). Overall, VGC was the dominant ecological memory effect in both regions. Our results suggest that coupling the VGC and LCE of multiple vegetation growth indicators at multiple scales has the potential to improve the accuracy of global dynamic vegetation models.

在生长季节，年际气候变率在调节木材形成动态方面发挥着关键作用，特别是在季节性干旱地区，如中国秦岭和地中海森林，树木表现出双峰径向生长模式，作为对水分胁迫的适应性反应。虽然这些生长模式反映了即时的气候条件，但生态记忆的作用，特别是植被生长携带（VGC）和滞后气候效应（LCEs），仍然缺乏量化。我们采用Vaganov-Shashkin （VS）模型分析了两个地区的年内双峰生长模式，并采用带脉冲响应函数的矢量自回归模型评估了VGC和LCE对树木年轮生长和遥感植被指数（叶面积指数（LAI）和总初级生产力（GPP））的持续时间和强度。结果表明，秦岭森林的秋季高峰出现的时间早于地中海森林的秋季高峰出现的时间（9月下旬至10月）。VGC对树木年轮生长的影响在第1年最强，8年后显著减弱（p < 0.01）。树木年轮生长对降水和土壤湿度的LCE响应为正，而对温度的LCE响应为负（p < 0.05）。遥感指数（LAI和GPP）显示秦岭森林的VGC效应强于地中海森林。LAI和GPP均对土壤湿度有正响应，而温度诱导的LCE在秦岭呈正响应，在地中海森林呈负响应（p < 0.05）。总体而言，VGC是两个区域的主导生态记忆效应。研究结果表明，将多个植被生长指标的VGC和LCE在多尺度上进行耦合，有可能提高全球植被动态模型的精度。

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