{"title":"以消费为基础,追踪埃及收入不平等对水污染责任的影响:内部灰色水足迹视角","authors":"Shimaa M. Wahba","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108404","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring water quality and equality are global goals for sustainable development. This study investigates how Egypt's income and expenditure inequalities affect households' internal grey water footprint (IGWF), i.e., domestic freshwater needed to assimilate pollutants discharged through producing products consumed domestically, allocating water pollution responsibility to final consumers based on their income and expenditure. It calculates households' IGWF of 20 income groups, developing a grey-water extended interregional input-output model combined with household expenditure survey data of 20 income levels. It performs a regression analysis between households' income and their IGWF. The cubic specification best fits the relationship, indicating that high-income levels eventually increase households' IGWF on average. The income elasticity of IGWF (0.81) implies that IGWF grows slower than income on average. However, the rich remain the main IGWF drivers due to their higher overall consumption. The wealthiest 4% are responsible for 12% of households' IGWF, approximately equivalent to that of the poorest 24% combined, dominating 63% of mobility's IGWF and 19% of recreation's. IGWF-Gini coefficient increases as products become more luxurious, e.g., mobility (0.81) and recreation (0.40). This study demonstrates the need to design sustainable consumption policies for income groups dominating specific products' IGWF, reducing Egypt's water pollution while eliminating inequality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 108404"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A consumption-based approach to trace the effects of income inequality on water pollution responsibility in Egypt: An internal grey water footprint perspective\",\"authors\":\"Shimaa M. Wahba\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108404\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Ensuring water quality and equality are global goals for sustainable development. This study investigates how Egypt's income and expenditure inequalities affect households' internal grey water footprint (IGWF), i.e., domestic freshwater needed to assimilate pollutants discharged through producing products consumed domestically, allocating water pollution responsibility to final consumers based on their income and expenditure. It calculates households' IGWF of 20 income groups, developing a grey-water extended interregional input-output model combined with household expenditure survey data of 20 income levels. It performs a regression analysis between households' income and their IGWF. The cubic specification best fits the relationship, indicating that high-income levels eventually increase households' IGWF on average. The income elasticity of IGWF (0.81) implies that IGWF grows slower than income on average. However, the rich remain the main IGWF drivers due to their higher overall consumption. The wealthiest 4% are responsible for 12% of households' IGWF, approximately equivalent to that of the poorest 24% combined, dominating 63% of mobility's IGWF and 19% of recreation's. IGWF-Gini coefficient increases as products become more luxurious, e.g., mobility (0.81) and recreation (0.40). This study demonstrates the need to design sustainable consumption policies for income groups dominating specific products' IGWF, reducing Egypt's water pollution while eliminating inequality.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":51021,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Ecological Economics\",\"volume\":\"227 \",\"pages\":\"Article 108404\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Ecological Economics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"96\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180092400301X\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"经济学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ecological Economics","FirstCategoryId":"96","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180092400301X","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
A consumption-based approach to trace the effects of income inequality on water pollution responsibility in Egypt: An internal grey water footprint perspective
Ensuring water quality and equality are global goals for sustainable development. This study investigates how Egypt's income and expenditure inequalities affect households' internal grey water footprint (IGWF), i.e., domestic freshwater needed to assimilate pollutants discharged through producing products consumed domestically, allocating water pollution responsibility to final consumers based on their income and expenditure. It calculates households' IGWF of 20 income groups, developing a grey-water extended interregional input-output model combined with household expenditure survey data of 20 income levels. It performs a regression analysis between households' income and their IGWF. The cubic specification best fits the relationship, indicating that high-income levels eventually increase households' IGWF on average. The income elasticity of IGWF (0.81) implies that IGWF grows slower than income on average. However, the rich remain the main IGWF drivers due to their higher overall consumption. The wealthiest 4% are responsible for 12% of households' IGWF, approximately equivalent to that of the poorest 24% combined, dominating 63% of mobility's IGWF and 19% of recreation's. IGWF-Gini coefficient increases as products become more luxurious, e.g., mobility (0.81) and recreation (0.40). This study demonstrates the need to design sustainable consumption policies for income groups dominating specific products' IGWF, reducing Egypt's water pollution while eliminating inequality.
期刊介绍:
Ecological Economics is concerned with extending and integrating the understanding of the interfaces and interplay between "nature''s household" (ecosystems) and "humanity''s household" (the economy). Ecological economics is an interdisciplinary field defined by a set of concrete problems or challenges related to governing economic activity in a way that promotes human well-being, sustainability, and justice. The journal thus emphasizes critical work that draws on and integrates elements of ecological science, economics, and the analysis of values, behaviors, cultural practices, institutional structures, and societal dynamics. The journal is transdisciplinary in spirit and methodologically open, drawing on the insights offered by a variety of intellectual traditions, and appealing to a diverse readership.
Specific research areas covered include: valuation of natural resources, sustainable agriculture and development, ecologically integrated technology, integrated ecologic-economic modelling at scales from local to regional to global, implications of thermodynamics for economics and ecology, renewable resource management and conservation, critical assessments of the basic assumptions underlying current economic and ecological paradigms and the implications of alternative assumptions, economic and ecological consequences of genetically engineered organisms, and gene pool inventory and management, alternative principles for valuing natural wealth, integrating natural resources and environmental services into national income and wealth accounts, methods of implementing efficient environmental policies, case studies of economic-ecologic conflict or harmony, etc. New issues in this area are rapidly emerging and will find a ready forum in Ecological Economics.