Ecological Economics最新文献

Effect simulation and local adaptation of multi-agent collaborative governance in marine eco-economic systems: Evidence from China 海洋生态经济系统中多代理协作治理的效果模拟和局部适应：来自中国的证据

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108451

Lehua Gao , Kun Gao , Wenwen Sun , Yue Zhang , Runping Zhang , Longxuan Zhang

The government's unitary management of marine eco-economic systems has several drawbacks, underscoring the urgency of exploring the effectiveness and feasibility of a multi-agent collaborative governance model. In this study, we developed a simulation model based on statistical and survey data to examine the effectiveness of multi-agent collaborative governance in marine eco-economic systems. Using the data simulation function of system dynamics (SD) Vensim PLE, we verified the input parameters, income variables, behavior probability, and governance outcomes for five types of stakeholders in marine governance, finding that: (1) In a multi-agent the governance framework, arbitrarily increasing the participation probability of one stakeholder type tends to lead to the involvement of two or more types. This leads to the establishment of a compact multi-agent collaborative governance model, significantly enhancing both participation and fairness of governance compared to the traditional government-centric model. (2) Regardless of which parameter is optimized, the multi-agent collaborative governance model can improve the performance of marine eco-economic systems. This governance model is more conducive to the coordinated, healthy, and sustainable development of marine eco-economic system. (3) By calculating the degree of alignment between stakeholders (central government, local government, sea-related producers, sea-related consumers, and coastal communities) across 11 coastal provinces and cities in China, this study identified one or more types of multi-agent collaborative governance models, proving the feasibility of this approach. (4) While collaborative governance models led by five different entities have their unique advantages and disadvantages, further strengthening relationships and cooperation among these stakeholders is essential for advancing the maturity and effectiveness of the multi-agent governance model.

政府对海洋生态经济系统的单一管理存在一些弊端，这凸显了探索多主体协同治理模式的有效性和可行性的迫切性。在本研究中，我们基于统计数据和调查数据建立了一个仿真模型，以检验多主体协同治理在海洋生态经济系统中的有效性。利用系统动力学（SD）Vensim PLE 的数据仿真功能，我们验证了海洋治理中五类利益相关者的输入参数、收入变量、行为概率和治理结果，结果发现(1) 在多代理治理框架中，任意提高一种利益相关者的参与概率往往会导致两种或更多利益相关者的参与。这就建立了一个紧凑的多代理协作治理模式，与传统的以政府为中心的模式相比，大大提高了治理的参与度和公平性。(2）无论优化哪种参数，多主体协同治理模式都能提高海洋生态经济系统的绩效。这种治理模式更有利于海洋生态经济系统的协调、健康和可持续发展。(3) 本研究通过计算中国 11 个沿海省市利益相关者（中央政府、地方政府、涉海生产者、涉海消费者和沿海社区）之间的一致程度，确定了一种或多种类型的多主体协同治理模式，证明了这种方法的可行性。(4) 虽然由五个不同主体主导的协同治理模式各有利弊，但进一步加强这些利益相关者之间的关系与合作，对于提高多主体治理模式的成熟度和有效性至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon Giants: Exploring the Top 100 Industrial CO2 Emitters in the EU 碳巨人：探索欧盟工业二氧化碳排放前 100 强

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108419

Xenia Miklin, Thomas Neier, Simon Sturn, Klara Zwickl

We analyze emissions and associated damages from the top 100 industrial CO₂ emitters in the EU using data from the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register, the EU Transaction Log, population grids, and regional information. These top emitters account for 19% of total EU CO₂ emissions, 39% of industrial CO₂ emissions, as well as a third of industrial SO

_{x}

and NO

_{x}

emissions, and a significant share of industrial PM₁₀ emissions. In 2017, monetized damages of hazardous co-pollutants range from 20 to 67 billion Euros, and combined co-pollutant and climate damages amount to between 92 and 260 billion Euros. The top 100 alone would exhaust the EU’s carbon budget in a few decades. The joint climate and co-pollutant damages of a significant number of the top 100 exceed the economic value generated by the entire industry sector in their respective regions, indicating substantial underregulation. Yet the top 100 received free EU Emissions Trading System permits for 27% of their carbon emissions. Many top emitters are located in densely populated regions, with 3.1% of EU’s population living within 10 kilometers of a Carbon Giant. Our analysis reveals the critical importance of addressing major emitters in research and policymaking.

我们利用《欧洲污染物排放和转移登记簿》、《欧盟交易日志》、人口网格和地区信息中的数据，分析了欧盟前 100 名工业二氧化碳排放者的排放量和相关损失。这些顶级排放者的排放量占欧盟二氧化碳总排放量的 19%、工业二氧化碳排放量的 39%、工业 SOx 和 NOx 排放量的三分之一以及工业 PM10 排放量的很大一部分。2017 年，有害共污染物的货币化损失在 200 亿至 670 亿欧元之间，共污染物和气候损失的总和在 920 亿至 2600 亿欧元之间。仅前 100 种污染物就将在几十年内耗尽欧盟的碳预算。前 100 强中有相当一部分企业对气候和共同污染物造成的损失超过了其所在地区整个工业部门所创造的经济价值，这表明监管严重不足。然而，前 100 强的碳排放量中有 27% 获得了欧盟排放交易系统的免费许可。许多排放大户都位于人口稠密地区，3.1% 的欧盟人口居住在碳巨人 10 公里范围内。我们的分析揭示了在研究和决策中解决主要排放者问题的极端重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Public support for degrowth policies and sufficiency behaviours in the United States: A discrete choice experiment 美国公众对经济增长政策和自给自足行为的支持：离散选择实验

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108446

Dallas O'Dell , Davide Contu , Ganga Shreedhar

Research on degrowth and its policy proposals has rapidly expanded, despite lacking empirical evidence on public perceptions. One conceptual proposition for affluent populations is that lifestyle changes, such as undertaking sufficiency-oriented behaviours, may engender degrowth policy support. Our research empirically investigated U.S. public support for degrowth policies, its relation to sufficiency behaviours, and whether a degrowth framing influenced policy support. In a pre-registered, online discrete choice experiment (N = 1012), we elicited perceptions of four commonly advocated degrowth policies - work time reductions, downscaling fossil fuel production, universal basic services, and advertising restrictions. Analyses revealed significant support for some specification of each alternative policy, especially fossil fuel caps and universal healthcare. We also found a significant positive association between sufficiency engagement and supporting fossil fuel restrictions. However, latent class analysis suggested that the link between behaviour and policy support was less consistent for socially oriented policies, and that those who supported such policies did not engage in sufficiency most frequently. Degrowth framing only significantly influenced preferences for universal healthcare. These findings suggest an appetite for advancing eco-social policies in the United States but point to a nuanced relationship between sufficiency lifestyles and degrowth policy support.

尽管缺乏有关公众看法的经验证据，但有关增长退化及其政策建议的研究已迅速扩展。针对富裕人群的一个概念性命题是，生活方式的改变，如采取以自给自足为导向的行为，可能会获得降增长政策的支持。我们的研究实证调查了美国公众对降解政策的支持、其与自给自足行为的关系，以及降解框架是否会影响政策支持。在一项预先登记的在线离散选择实验（N = 1012）中，我们征询了公众对四项普遍倡导的降解政策的看法--减少工作时间、降低化石燃料生产规模、普及基本服务和广告限制。分析表明，每种替代政策的某些规格都得到了极大的支持，尤其是化石燃料上限和全民医疗保健。我们还发现，参与充足性与支持化石燃料限制之间存在明显的正相关。然而，潜类分析表明，对于社会导向型政策，行为与政策支持之间的联系并不那么一致，支持此类政策的人并不经常参与充足性活动。去增长框架只对全民医疗保健的偏好有显著影响。这些研究结果表明，美国人希望推进生态-社会政策，但同时也指出了自给自足的生活方式与脱增长政策支持之间的微妙关系。

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引用次数: 0

Social comparison nudges: What actually happens when we are told what others do? 社会比较暗示：当我们被告知他人的所作所为时，究竟会发生什么？

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108436

Yann Raineau , Éric Giraud-Héraud , Sébastien Lecocq

Social comparison nudges, known to bring about behavioral change, rely on providing information to agents about other agents' decisions or expectations regarding specific actions. Although the procedure consists in transmitting true information, it classically implies a reduction of the transmitted reality: the information provided about others is an average, a proportion, a percentile. What would happen if, instead, full information were shared on what all others do (as nudged agents might legitimately expect), and what would this tell us about how nudges actually work? We assume that cognitive biases occur unintentionally when the information provided is incomplete. By mobilizing Akerlof's (1997) model of social distance, accurately describing polarization effects in social decision-making, we show how the nudge-information conveyed can then act as a decoy: effective in triggering behavioral change, but giving rise to renewed ethical considerations. We illustrate our conjectures with a randomized controlled trial in the context of pesticide use in agriculture in which winegrowers receiving full information about their co-workers' performances are compared with growers receiving the more conventional average performance. After showing that the two differ in their understanding of what others do, we show in the field that the latter nudge induces change unmet by the former.

众所周知，社会比较激励能带来行为改变，它依赖于向行为主体提供关于其他行为主体对具体行动的决定或期望的信息。虽然这一程序包括传递真实信息，但它通常意味着对所传递的现实信息的还原：所提供的关于他人的信息是一个平均值、一个比例、一个百分位数。相反，如果分享的是关于所有其他人所作所为的全部信息（正如被激励者可能合理期望的那样），会发生什么情况呢？我们假设，当所提供的信息不完整时，认知偏差就会无意间出现。阿克洛夫（Akerlof，1997 年）的社会距离模型准确地描述了社会决策中的两极分化效应，通过这一模型，我们展示了所传达的劝导信息如何充当诱饵：有效地引发行为改变，但却引发新的伦理问题。我们通过一项随机对照试验来说明我们的猜想，该试验以农业中农药的使用为背景，在试验中，葡萄种植者获得了关于其同事表现的全部信息，而葡萄种植者则获得了更为传统的平均表现信息。在证明二者对他人所作所为的理解不同之后，我们在实际中证明，后者会诱发前者无法实现的变化。

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引用次数: 0

Breaking the bag habit: Testing interventions to reduce plastic bag demand 打破使用塑料袋的习惯：测试减少塑料袋需求的干预措施

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108454

Armenak Antinyan , Luca Corazzini

In a natural field experiment conducted in a big grocery chain in Armenia, we test the impact of demand-side behavioral (an environmental nudge) and conventional (financial bonus scheme) policies to curb the purchase of single-use plastic bags. We find that both interventions are effective to reduce the demand for single-use plastic bags. Furthermore, the financial bonus scheme is more powerful than the environmental nudge. However, the financial bonus scheme backfires in the sense that it reduces the visits to the grocery chain resulting in less money spent by an average customer unlike the environmental nudge. We also study, whether customers use the reusable bags received for free and how to motivate them to do so. The findings suggest a strong correlation between reusable bag usage and shopping frequency. While many customers use the bag only once, the more frequent the shopping behavior the higher the usage of the reusable bags. Lastly, financial incentives matter for reusable bag usage.

我们在亚美尼亚的一家大型杂货连锁店开展了一项自然现场实验，检验了需求方行为（环境劝告）和传统（财务奖励计划）政策对抑制购买一次性塑料袋的影响。我们发现，这两种干预措施都能有效减少对一次性塑料袋的需求。此外，经济奖励计划比环境劝导更有效。然而，与环境劝告不同的是，经济奖励计划会适得其反，因为它减少了顾客对杂货连锁店的光顾，导致普通顾客花费更少。我们还研究了顾客是否使用免费赠送的可重复使用购物袋，以及如何激励他们这样做。研究结果表明，可重复使用购物袋的使用率与购物频率密切相关。虽然许多顾客只使用一次，但购物行为越频繁，可重复使用袋的使用率就越高。最后，经济激励对可重复使用袋的使用也很重要。

引用次数: 0

Public policies on circular economy: A systematic review 循环经济公共政策：系统回顾

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108452

Riccardo Losa

Circular economy (CE) can drive our society towards sustainable development. An adequate policy landscape is considered among the most effective ways to encourage firms to adopt circularity. However, there is little clarity as to the most effective public policies to push companies towards implementing this concept. This is particularly challenging in the European Union, where these policies are fragmented and inconsistent. This paper aims at addressing this issue by performing a systematic literature review of 54 publications. These were analyzed to identify the policy measures that scholars consider relevant in supporting firms in the adoption of CE. I also highlight the gaps in the current policy scenario that need further investigation. This methodological approach can help future researchers to bring more clarity and coherence to public policies on circularity, and the issue of the fragmentation that characterizes them can be overcome.

循环经济（CE）可以推动我们的社会实现可持续发展。适当的政策环境被认为是鼓励企业采用循环经济的最有效方法之一。然而，在推动企业实施这一概念方面，最有效的公共政策并不明确。这在欧盟尤其具有挑战性，因为欧盟的这些政策分散且不一致。本文旨在通过对 54 篇出版物进行系统的文献综述来解决这一问题。通过对这些文献进行分析，确定了学者们认为与支持企业采用消费电子相关的政策措施。我还强调了当前政策情景中需要进一步研究的空白点。这种方法论可以帮助未来的研究人员提高有关循环的公共政策的清晰度和连贯性，并克服这些政策各自为政的问题。

引用次数: 0

GVC participation and carbon emissions – A network analysis 参与全球价值链与碳排放--网络分析

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108450

Matthew Smith , Dimitris Christopoulos

This paper draws on network analysis to examine the impact of Global Value Chain (GVC) embeddedness on carbon emissions from 2000 to 2014. A country network of value added is constructed, and a Temporal Network Autocorrelation Model (TNAM) is applied to examine the impact of network position in the GVC and emissions of network partners on the CO₂ emissions of a country. The paper finds weak evidence of a positive impact of GVC participation on CO₂ emissions. This paper does not find support for the EKC hypothesis. Additionally, the analysis examines the impact of the economic complexity level of a country on emissions and finds no significant relationship.

本文利用网络分析法，研究了2000年至2014年全球价值链（GVC）嵌入性对碳排放的影响。本文构建了一个国家增加值网络，并应用时序网络自相关模型（TNAM）来研究网络在全球价值链中的位置和网络伙伴的排放量对一国二氧化碳排放量的影响。本文发现，参与全球价值链对二氧化碳排放产生积极影响的证据不足。本文没有发现对 EKC 假设的支持。此外，本文还分析了一国经济复杂程度对排放量的影响，结果发现两者之间没有显著关系。

引用次数: 0

Cosmological limits to growth, affective abundance, and Rights of Nature: Insights from Buen Vivir/sumak kawsay for the cultural politics of degrowth 增长的宇宙极限、情感丰富和自然权利：从 "美好生活"/"苏马克-卡瓦塞 "中获得的对 "脱增长 "文化政治的启示

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108442

Katharina Richter

This article creates an inter-epistemic dialogue between degrowth and Buen Vivir/sumak kawsay based on qualitative research conducted in Ecuador. It builds on degrowth scholarship that considers cultural change an integral part of sustainability transformations. The article envisions what that change could look like by developing non-anthropocentric and de-individualised visions of sustainability transformations. It thereby advances recently reignited debates around limits to growth and artificial scarcity. Buen Vivir/sumak kawsay is an Andean-Amazonian indigenous conceptualisation of Good Living. An engagement with the reciprocal practices, behaviours and rituals of its protagonists yields three insights for the cultural politics of degrowth. First, cosmological limits to growth are normative constraints to harming the Living World and arise from relational ontologies that embed the human into the natural world. Second, the political economy of Buen Vivir/sumak kawsay produces affective abundance via reciprocity with the non-human world. This offers a de-individualised understanding of abundance for degrowth, beyond enjoyment and provision of universal basic services. Third, these ideas can be implemented in practice through Rights of Nature, put forward here as a viable policy option because of its potential to impute relational worldviews into materialist understandings of nature. These pluriverse avenues can enact cultural change towards sustainability transformations.

本文以在厄瓜多尔进行的定性研究为基础，在 "退化 "与 "美好生活"/"Sumak kawsay "之间建立了一种跨学派对话。文章以 "降解增长 "学术研究为基础，认为文化变革是可持续发展变革不可分割的一部分。文章通过发展非人类中心主义和去个体化的可持续发展变革愿景，设想了这种变革可能是什么样的。文章由此推动了最近围绕增长极限和人为稀缺性重新展开的辩论。Buen Vivir/sumak kawsay 是安第斯-亚马孙土著对美好生活的概念化。通过研究其主人公的互惠实践、行为和仪式，我们可以对 "去增长 "的文化政治提出三点见解。首先，对增长的宇宙限制是对伤害 "生命世界 "的规范性约束，源于将人类嵌入自然世界的关系本体论。其次，"美好生活"（Buen Vivir）/"美好生活"（Sumak kawsay）的政治经济学通过与非人类世界的互惠产生了情感上的富足。这为脱增长提供了对富裕的去个体化理解，超越了享受和普遍基本服务的提供。第三，这些理念可以通过 "自然权利 "在实践中加以落实。"自然权利 "是一个可行的政策选择，因为它有可能将关系世界观纳入对自然的唯物主义理解。这些多元化的途径可以推动文化变革，实现可持续性转型。

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引用次数: 0

Climate change and the farmer-Pastoralist's violent conflict: Experimental evidence from Nigeria 气候变化与农牧民暴力冲突：尼日利亚的实验证据

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108449

Uchenna Efobi , Oluwabunmi Adejumo , Jiyoung Kim

We examine how a better understanding of how climate change induces herder migration to other locations and subsequent conflicts with sedentary farmers influences respondents' support for policies that accommodate outgroup members. We conducted a pre-registered survey experiment with 550 residents of a conflict zone in Nigeria and discovered that as perceived herder vulnerability due to climate change increases, residents are inclined to support policies that accommodate these herders. In other words, rhetorical exposure that leads respondents to perceive climate change as the primary driver of herder migration to other communities increases support for accommodating policies (i.e., policies that support integrating outgroup members into their community). The effects are essentially consistent regardless of the respondents' proximity to the conflict, as measured by their loss experiences or their trust in outgroup members or dominant domestic institutions. These results highlight the need to conceptualise vulnerability as the primary driver of the herder-farmer conflict, which is a settled fact as opposed to other 'conspiratorial' narratives, allowing for new methods of mapping public opinion in favor of integrating both groups for peaceful coexistence in conflict zones.

我们研究了更好地理解气候变化如何诱使牧民迁移到其他地方以及随后与定居农民的冲突如何影响受访者对照顾外群体成员的政策的支持。我们对尼日利亚冲突地区的 550 名居民进行了预先登记的调查实验，结果发现，随着牧民对气候变化脆弱性的认知增加，居民倾向于支持照顾这些牧民的政策。换句话说，如果受访者认为气候变化是牧民迁移到其他社区的主要驱动因素，那么他们就会更支持包容政策（即支持外群体成员融入社区的政策）。无论受访者是否接近冲突，无论受访者的损失经历如何，也无论受访者是否信任外群体成员或国内主导机构，这些影响基本上是一致的。这些结果突出表明，有必要将脆弱性概念化为牧民与农民冲突的主要驱动因素，这是一个既定的事实，而不是其他 "阴谋论 "的说法，从而可以采用新的方法来绘制民意图，以支持冲突地区两个群体的融合与和平共处。

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引用次数: 0

Community reconstruction of biocultural landscapes. Application in the Kokonuko Indigenous Territory 生物文化景观的社区重建。在科科努科土著领地的应用

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108447

Marta Montaño , Olga Sanabria , Oswaldo Quilindo , Alexander Urrego-Mesa , Enric Tello , Joan Marull

To reverse the socioecological impacts derived from the Green Revolution in the indigenous territory of Puracé (Colombia), an agroecological transition proposal elaborated by the Kokonuko community through participative action research is presented with a respectful approach to the indigenous knowledge of this community and their Cabildo. Reversing the detrimental consequences of industrial agriculture requires reducing dependence on non-renewable energy inputs and their replacement with nature-based solutions based on biocultural heritage of the community. This study compares traditional agricultural management based on ethnobotanical characterization, biophysical energy analysis, and landscape evaluation, describing the different agricultural systems that compose the basis of the proposal for this agroecological transition carried out with the Kokonuko people. The results show that traditional management from socially integrated polyculture of some pilot farms is multifunctional, high agro-diverse, food-sovereignty and traditional medicine oriented. Besides, it has a high energy efficiency compared to industrial monoculture management more related to agrochemicals and direct production to the market. The performance of traditional management in the indigenous territory, previously optimized in pilot farms, would facilitate the reconstruction of biocultural landscapes, strengthen indigenous governance, and recover traditional multifunctionality that assured food sovereignty of the community that was the depository of indigenous knowledge. The conservation of seeds by the community is essential to generate a global transformative change towards sustainability.

为了扭转绿色革命对普拉塞（哥伦比亚）土著领地的社会生态造成的影响，Kokonuko 社区通过参与式行动研究提出了一项农业生态转型建议，该建议尊重该社区及其 Cabildo 的土著知识。要扭转工业化农业的有害后果，就必须减少对不可再生能源投入的依赖，代之以基于社区生物文化遗产的自然解决方案。本研究比较了基于人种植物学特征、生物物理能源分析和景观评估的传统农业管理，描述了不同的农业系统，这些系统构成了与 Kokonuko 人共同开展的农业生态转型提案的基础。研究结果表明，一些试点农场的社会综合多元文化传统管理具有多功能性、高度农业多样性、粮食主权和传统医药导向性。此外，与更多使用农用化学品和直接面向市场生产的工业化单一种植管理相比，传统管理具有较高的能源效率。之前在试点农场中优化的土著领地传统管理方式，将促进生物文化景观的重建，加强土著治理，恢复传统的多功能性，从而确保作为土著知识宝库的社区的粮食主权。社区对种子的保护对于实现可持续性的全球转型变革至关重要。

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引用次数: 0