Factors influencing and controlling vandalism by tourists and local indigenous communities at the Fandoghlou forest natural site

The presence of tourists may lead to environmental damage and vandalism, which can affect local community and tourist relationships, leading to dissatisfaction. The persistence of vandalism in natural environments can lead to detrimental effects; hence, identifying its triggering and inhibitory factors is crucial. The Fandoqhlou Forest region, as a tourist destination in Ardabil Province, has been subjected to various types of damage. The aim of this study is to assess the factors influencing and controlling damage resulting from tourism activities in the Fandoqhlou region. The study population included tourists and the local community who visited the forest area during the spring and summer months of 2023. Additionally, qualitative data analysis was conducted via Atlas Ti software. On the basis of the interview results, 479 initial codes were identified, from which 62 basic themes, 15 organizing themes, and 2 global themes were derived. The research findings identified the factors influencing the occurrence and control of vandalism in the study area. According to the results, environmental disregard, alongside tourists’ low cultural and educational awareness, was identified as a significant factor influencing vandalism. To mitigate this behavioral disorder, the important role of social media in disseminating relevant information and creating a platform for nature conservation in tourism activities and visits to natural sites can be emphasized.

Management implications

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  Management programs should focus on enhancing environmental education and cultural awareness among both tourists and local communities need to mitigate vandalism and destructive behaviors at the natural forests and leverages social media to promote nature conservation.
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  Strengthening collaboration and foster between local communities, government agencies, and private sectors, need to be established to increase surveillance, enforce penalties and supporting environmental guardians are essential for effective monitoring and deterrence of destructive behaviors.
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  Implementing stricter law enforcement, along with establishing facilities and community empowerment programs, can strengthen forest protection, reduce vandalism, and promote a sustainable relationship between tourism and local communities.