Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100837
Alice Wanner , Nina Mostegl , Ulrike Pröbstl-Haider
Summer destinations and local attractions in Western European countries are increasingly affected by climate change, predominantly high temperatures and impacts by thunderstorms. In order to assist practitioners, this study investigates the trade-offs visitors make under different expected weather conditions and develops recommendations for adaptation strategies. A survey containing a discrete choice experiment including different types of attractions, accessibility and weather conditions, was conducted (N = 5544). The results show that the impacts of heavy rainfall, thunderstorms and heat as a result of climate change cannot be assessed in a blanket manner. Visitors are less sensitive to high temperatures than to the probability of thunderstorms and cooler temperatures are preferred, especially for outdoor activities. Furthermore, the survey revealed that the majority of respondents would rather travel further (spatial substitution) than change the desired activity (activity substitution).
We expected that steering instruments such as higher parking fees or the enhanced accessibility by public transportation are able to change mobility patterns and enhance mitigation strategies. However. parking fees, meant to influence behavior and enhance the shift from private car to public transportation, showed limited effects. Finally, the results underline that the perceived utility of sustainability certifications remains low, and that certification has a very limited influence on the decision-making process.
{"title":"Walking on sunshine: Application of a choice experiment to understand impacts of climate change on tourism attractions","authors":"Alice Wanner , Nina Mostegl , Ulrike Pröbstl-Haider","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Summer destinations and local attractions in Western European countries are increasingly affected by climate change, predominantly high temperatures and impacts by thunderstorms. In order to assist practitioners, this study investigates the trade-offs visitors make under different expected weather conditions and develops recommendations for adaptation strategies. A survey containing a discrete choice experiment including different types of attractions, accessibility and weather conditions, was conducted (N = 5544). The results show that the impacts of heavy rainfall, thunderstorms and heat as a result of climate change cannot be assessed in a blanket manner. Visitors are less sensitive to high temperatures than to the probability of thunderstorms and cooler temperatures are preferred, especially for outdoor activities. Furthermore, the survey revealed that the majority of respondents would rather travel further (spatial substitution) than change the desired activity (activity substitution).</div><div>We expected that steering instruments such as higher parking fees or the enhanced accessibility by public transportation are able to change mobility patterns and enhance mitigation strategies. However. parking fees, meant to influence behavior and enhance the shift from private car to public transportation, showed limited effects. Finally, the results underline that the perceived utility of sustainability certifications remains low, and that certification has a very limited influence on the decision-making process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100837"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100835
Julia Zink , Max Mangold , Florian Porst , Manuel Steinbauer , Marco Heurich
Protected areas aim to preserve nature and biodiversity while also providing space for outdoor activities and recreation. Visitor management, ideally based on visitor monitoring data, is crucial to balance conservation goals with the requirements of recreationists. Regulations such as prohibiting off-trail movements and temporal restrictions on the access to certain trails or areas are among the most common measures used to minimize the negative impacts of recreation on conservation goods in protected areas. In recent years, online platforms and outdoor apps have become an increasingly popular data source for visitor monitoring, but few studies have made use of their data to detect rule violations in protected areas. In this study, track data obtained from the online platforms Outdooractive and Bikemap were used to analyze the spatial distribution of hikers and bikers in the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany, and thus to identify and localize rule violations. The analysis showed that the most frequently used trails followed the designated trail network. However, 15% of the hiking tracks and 31% of the bike tracks did not comply with national park rules and instead followed informal trails, were off-trail or disregarded temporal restrictions. Popular places for hikers were identified as well including mountain peaks, raised bogs, mountain pastures, lakes and streams, mainly in areas at higher elevations. Cyclists clustered in areas of lower elevation and on the outskirts of the national park. Knowledge derived from online tracks is helpful in developing management strategies for better visitor steering. Such measures can take place in the field as well as online to influence content on outdoor platforms and proactively communicate protected area information to visitors.
{"title":"Towards a digital ranger: Using data from outdoor platforms to detect rule violations in protected areas and improve visitor management","authors":"Julia Zink , Max Mangold , Florian Porst , Manuel Steinbauer , Marco Heurich","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protected areas aim to preserve nature and biodiversity while also providing space for outdoor activities and recreation. Visitor management, ideally based on visitor monitoring data, is crucial to balance conservation goals with the requirements of recreationists. Regulations such as prohibiting off-trail movements and temporal restrictions on the access to certain trails or areas are among the most common measures used to minimize the negative impacts of recreation on conservation goods in protected areas. In recent years, online platforms and outdoor apps have become an increasingly popular data source for visitor monitoring, but few studies have made use of their data to detect rule violations in protected areas. In this study, track data obtained from the online platforms Outdooractive and Bikemap were used to analyze the spatial distribution of hikers and bikers in the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany, and thus to identify and localize rule violations. The analysis showed that the most frequently used trails followed the designated trail network. However, 15% of the hiking tracks and 31% of the bike tracks did not comply with national park rules and instead followed informal trails, were off-trail or disregarded temporal restrictions. Popular places for hikers were identified as well including mountain peaks, raised bogs, mountain pastures, lakes and streams, mainly in areas at higher elevations. Cyclists clustered in areas of lower elevation and on the outskirts of the national park. Knowledge derived from online tracks is helpful in developing management strategies for better visitor steering. Such measures can take place in the field as well as online to influence content on outdoor platforms and proactively communicate protected area information to visitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100835"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100836
Ren-Fang Chao , Leiming Zhang
<div><div>The call for pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) is increasing amid the growing negative impact of human activity on the environment. Most studies in this domain have focused on the environmental impact of specific human behaviors, overlooking how these behaviors evolve over time. The purpose of this study is to elucidate how trekkers maintain and practice environmentally friendly behaviors in daily life. To achieve this goal, this study examined the influence of subjective norms and personal norms on daily PEBs and adopted environmental awareness as a mediating variable. This study recruited trekkers in Taiwan (n = 528) as the research subjects and employed structural equation modeling to test the proposed hypotheses. The results showed that subjective norms, personal norms, and their interaction effects all indirectly influenced PEBs through environmental awareness. In particular, the influence of subjective norms was much greater than that of personal norms, indicating that people's behaviors are more significantly impacted by others' expectations than by their own personal beliefs. These findings not only highlighted the importance of subjective and personal norms in shaping PEBs but also revealed that the PEBs cultivated during trekking activities may extend to behaviors in daily life.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div>This study offers practical implications for management teams and practitioners at trekking destinations: they should promote daily PEBs and effective communication with trekkers. Since 2020, the number of trekkers in Taiwan has surged by 57%, resulting in significant environmental degradation. This increase can largely be attributed to insufficient staffing, as the overwhelming number of trekkers places additional burdens and stress on existing personnel. Therefore, it is essential to implement measures to regulate the number of trekkers in sensitive areas. Furthermore, the government should enhance recruitment efforts for mountain rangers to ensure adequate oversight and support.</div><div>Trekking activities often take place in remote and sparsely populated mountainous areas, where the natural environment is relatively undisturbed. As a result, environmental management faces greater challenges in these regions. In this context, local governments should consider adopting nature-oriented recreation and tourism activation strategies through direct and indirect experiences. These could include formal and informal educational programs and services, mass media, internet resources, and interpretive programs. Such initiatives aim to enhance human understanding, knowledge, and appreciation of nature, thereby shaping personal norms and subjective norms while fostering environmental awareness.</div><div>In terms of durable outcomes, it is recommended that destination management agencies and environmental protection organizations invite trekkers to participate in destination environmental management and prov
{"title":"The influence of trekkers’ personal and subjective norms on their pro-environmental behaviors","authors":"Ren-Fang Chao , Leiming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The call for pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) is increasing amid the growing negative impact of human activity on the environment. Most studies in this domain have focused on the environmental impact of specific human behaviors, overlooking how these behaviors evolve over time. The purpose of this study is to elucidate how trekkers maintain and practice environmentally friendly behaviors in daily life. To achieve this goal, this study examined the influence of subjective norms and personal norms on daily PEBs and adopted environmental awareness as a mediating variable. This study recruited trekkers in Taiwan (n = 528) as the research subjects and employed structural equation modeling to test the proposed hypotheses. The results showed that subjective norms, personal norms, and their interaction effects all indirectly influenced PEBs through environmental awareness. In particular, the influence of subjective norms was much greater than that of personal norms, indicating that people's behaviors are more significantly impacted by others' expectations than by their own personal beliefs. These findings not only highlighted the importance of subjective and personal norms in shaping PEBs but also revealed that the PEBs cultivated during trekking activities may extend to behaviors in daily life.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div>This study offers practical implications for management teams and practitioners at trekking destinations: they should promote daily PEBs and effective communication with trekkers. Since 2020, the number of trekkers in Taiwan has surged by 57%, resulting in significant environmental degradation. This increase can largely be attributed to insufficient staffing, as the overwhelming number of trekkers places additional burdens and stress on existing personnel. Therefore, it is essential to implement measures to regulate the number of trekkers in sensitive areas. Furthermore, the government should enhance recruitment efforts for mountain rangers to ensure adequate oversight and support.</div><div>Trekking activities often take place in remote and sparsely populated mountainous areas, where the natural environment is relatively undisturbed. As a result, environmental management faces greater challenges in these regions. In this context, local governments should consider adopting nature-oriented recreation and tourism activation strategies through direct and indirect experiences. These could include formal and informal educational programs and services, mass media, internet resources, and interpretive programs. Such initiatives aim to enhance human understanding, knowledge, and appreciation of nature, thereby shaping personal norms and subjective norms while fostering environmental awareness.</div><div>In terms of durable outcomes, it is recommended that destination management agencies and environmental protection organizations invite trekkers to participate in destination environmental management and prov","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100836"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100833
Justin M. Beall , Lincoln R. Larson , M. Nils Peterson , Erin Seekamp , Charlynne Smith
Parks and protected areas offer a variety of ecosystem services and promote opportunities that enhance human health and well-being. However, these benefits may be jeopardized when overcrowding degrades environmental and social conditions in parks. The COVID-19 pandemic is assumed to have been associated with substantial increases in visitation to parks and protected areas, but patterns in use and degradation varied by site type (e.g., state versus local parks; urban versus rural). In this study, we aimed to understand how changing recreational use patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted parks, and how those changes differed between state and local parks across urban-rural gradients. We distributed a survey asking state park superintendents (n = 36) and local park managers (n = 84) in the state of North Carolina to estimate the extent of environmental and social impacts in their parks both before and during the pandemic. We discovered that, based on managers’ responses, state parks were approximately 12 times more likely to experience heightened environmental impacts and 23 times more likely to experience heightened social impacts than local parks during the pandemic, even when controlling for impact levels prior to the pandemic. We found no significant differences between urban and rural parks. These findings suggest regional parks may be the most vulnerable to environmental and social disturbances during times of heightened visitation, and thus highlight a need for both more resources and more attention to governance issues for these parks.
Management implications
This study found that state parks in North Carolina experienced more frequent social and environmental impacts, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to local parks. This highlights the need to explore measures that can maintain state parks as sources of resilience and recovery during future crises while mitigating park impacts. Proposed strategies include:
•
Directing park usage to more resilient areas.
•
Establishing strategic partnerships between parks to enhance capacity.
•
Education and outreach to minimize visitor impacts.
•
Establishing emergency funds for parks most likely to be impacted during times of heightened visitation.
•
Expanding accessible greenspace in anticipation of increased visitation.
{"title":"Environmental and social impacts of shifting park-use patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from state and local park managers","authors":"Justin M. Beall , Lincoln R. Larson , M. Nils Peterson , Erin Seekamp , Charlynne Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parks and protected areas offer a variety of ecosystem services and promote opportunities that enhance human health and well-being. However, these benefits may be jeopardized when overcrowding degrades environmental and social conditions in parks. The COVID-19 pandemic is assumed to have been associated with substantial increases in visitation to parks and protected areas, but patterns in use and degradation varied by site type (e.g., state versus local parks; urban versus rural). In this study, we aimed to understand how changing recreational use patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted parks, and how those changes differed between state and local parks across urban-rural gradients. We distributed a survey asking state park superintendents (n = 36) and local park managers (n = 84) in the state of North Carolina to estimate the extent of environmental and social impacts in their parks both before and during the pandemic. We discovered that, based on managers’ responses, state parks were approximately 12 times more likely to experience heightened environmental impacts and 23 times more likely to experience heightened social impacts than local parks during the pandemic, even when controlling for impact levels prior to the pandemic. We found no significant differences between urban and rural parks. These findings suggest regional parks may be the most vulnerable to environmental and social disturbances during times of heightened visitation, and thus highlight a need for both more resources and more attention to governance issues for these parks.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div>This study found that state parks in North Carolina experienced more frequent social and environmental impacts, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to local parks. This highlights the need to explore measures that can maintain state parks as sources of resilience and recovery during future crises while mitigating park impacts. Proposed strategies include:<ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>Directing park usage to more resilient areas.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Establishing strategic partnerships between parks to enhance capacity.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Education and outreach to minimize visitor impacts.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Establishing emergency funds for parks most likely to be impacted during times of heightened visitation.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Expanding accessible greenspace in anticipation of increased visitation.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100832
Shi Lin, Sreetheran Maruthaveeran, Mohd Johari Mohd Yusof
{"title":"Usage and motives of urban river corridor: A case study at Hutuo River in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China","authors":"Shi Lin, Sreetheran Maruthaveeran, Mohd Johari Mohd Yusof","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100832","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sleep is one of the most important but relatively weak research fields in camping tourism. Utilizing Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Social Network Analysis, and Sentiment Analysis, this study collected tweet data to construct a framework for camping sleep. The results indicate that seven major topics make up the camping sleep framework, with two relationship paths focusing on pro pro-nature experience as its cornerstone. For one thing, the connection with nature in camping alters the sleep environment or individual physical condition, and thus campers' sleep quality requires more support systems. For another, sleep forms a part of the camping experience which is deeply embedded in nature's connection and brings positive benefits. The most surprising finding is that pro nature experience makes tourists have positive emotions even though they sleep badly at night. Our results can provide insight into well-being experiences in tourism, especially for improving individuals' healthy lifestyles.
Management implications
1.
Enhance the sleeping system for campers by improving camping facilities and creating an optimal sleeping environment.
2.
Increase eco-friendly activities to bring campers closer to nature and enrich their overall camping experience.
3.
Encourage a healthy lifestyle by integrating health-focused activities into the camping experience to promote awareness of the importance of maintaining good sleep habits.
4.
Provide additional emotional support services such as psychological counseling or meditation courses to ensure campers have a positive overall sleep experience.
5.
Integrate local cultural and environmental features into camping projects considering sleep as a new focal point and designing camping experiences that reflect local culture.
{"title":"Exploring a structured framework for camping sleep experience","authors":"Wei Xiong , Meijiao Huang , Bendegul Okumus , Fang Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sleep is one of the most important but relatively weak research fields in camping tourism. Utilizing Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Social Network Analysis, and Sentiment Analysis, this study collected tweet data to construct a framework for camping sleep. The results indicate that seven major topics make up the camping sleep framework, with two relationship paths focusing on pro pro-nature experience as its cornerstone. For one thing, the connection with nature in camping alters the sleep environment or individual physical condition, and thus campers' sleep quality requires more support systems. For another, sleep forms a part of the camping experience which is deeply embedded in nature's connection and brings positive benefits. The most surprising finding is that pro nature experience makes tourists have positive emotions even though they sleep badly at night. Our results can provide insight into well-being experiences in tourism, especially for improving individuals' healthy lifestyles.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><div>Enhance the sleeping system for campers by improving camping facilities and creating an optimal sleeping environment.</div></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><div>Increase eco-friendly activities to bring campers closer to nature and enrich their overall camping experience.</div></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><div>Encourage a healthy lifestyle by integrating health-focused activities into the camping experience to promote awareness of the importance of maintaining good sleep habits.</div></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><div>Provide additional emotional support services such as psychological counseling or meditation courses to ensure campers have a positive overall sleep experience.</div></span></li><li><span>5.</span><span><div>Integrate local cultural and environmental features into camping projects considering sleep as a new focal point and designing camping experiences that reflect local culture.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100831"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100828
Dagmara Chylińska
<div><div>Descent into the underground requires from explorers not only a high level of physical endurance, technical skills, and ability to use specialized equipment, but also psychological adaptation to severe cave conditions: the darkness, the coldness, and the unknown. The paper focuses on mental states and emotions that accompany cave descents at every stage of the tourist experience. The study examines cavers' tourist motivations as well as perceived benefits of this kind of physical activity. The research aims at the Polish caving community. The study indicates that participation in cave exploration for respondents undertaking cave challenges outside of regular tourism is generally the result of a combination of equally strong factors, rather than a single dominant motivation. The benefits of cave exploration are inwardly directed, those related to creating one’s external image were of marginal importance among survey respondents. A state of ‘focus and concentration’ accompanies cavers during almost the entire stay in cave what not lessen a sense of overall satisfaction, joy, and excitation. To some extent, anxiety, anger, and rarely fear, shape the cave tourist experience.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div>The tourism product of any kinds of tourism should meet the expectations and needs of their participants. Dedicated speleotourists visiting sites outside mass tourism in popular show caves are leading by the complex of motivations typical for tourism as such. However, in the study analysed, the search for beauty and aesthetic impressions next to experiencing the unknown and novelty are explicitly significant motivators for cave exploration, even more important than looking for sport challenges and physical effort. This observation underlines cognitive and emotional meaning, not only sport character of cave exploration.</div><div>The research might suggest the general direction in preparation of the offer for dedicated cave tourists: they do not require the creation of new infrastructure (e.g. in terms of cave accessibility) or provision of new amenities, but possibilities of the improvement of technical skills, while enjoying the beauty of the caves, with maintaining a balance between commercialization and the sense of uniqueness and exclusivity of the product.</div><div>As pristine and unexplored caves constitute a ‘non-renewable resource,’ thus there is a need for redefinition of ‘the unknown’ and ‘the new’ concepts in cave tourism practiced by dedicated cave tourists (far beyond the geographical sense). The result of this procedure might help meet the expectations of dedicated cave tourists toward their tourist experiences and the attractiveness of sites.</div><div>The explorations of dedicated cave tourists occur outside or on the fringes of tourism. To include them in the mainstream of broader tourism, it is necessary to find a balance between commercialization and the uniqueness and exclusivity of the product. T
{"title":"‘Into the darkness’ – The caving community and their tourist experiences. The Polish case","authors":"Dagmara Chylińska","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Descent into the underground requires from explorers not only a high level of physical endurance, technical skills, and ability to use specialized equipment, but also psychological adaptation to severe cave conditions: the darkness, the coldness, and the unknown. The paper focuses on mental states and emotions that accompany cave descents at every stage of the tourist experience. The study examines cavers' tourist motivations as well as perceived benefits of this kind of physical activity. The research aims at the Polish caving community. The study indicates that participation in cave exploration for respondents undertaking cave challenges outside of regular tourism is generally the result of a combination of equally strong factors, rather than a single dominant motivation. The benefits of cave exploration are inwardly directed, those related to creating one’s external image were of marginal importance among survey respondents. A state of ‘focus and concentration’ accompanies cavers during almost the entire stay in cave what not lessen a sense of overall satisfaction, joy, and excitation. To some extent, anxiety, anger, and rarely fear, shape the cave tourist experience.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div>The tourism product of any kinds of tourism should meet the expectations and needs of their participants. Dedicated speleotourists visiting sites outside mass tourism in popular show caves are leading by the complex of motivations typical for tourism as such. However, in the study analysed, the search for beauty and aesthetic impressions next to experiencing the unknown and novelty are explicitly significant motivators for cave exploration, even more important than looking for sport challenges and physical effort. This observation underlines cognitive and emotional meaning, not only sport character of cave exploration.</div><div>The research might suggest the general direction in preparation of the offer for dedicated cave tourists: they do not require the creation of new infrastructure (e.g. in terms of cave accessibility) or provision of new amenities, but possibilities of the improvement of technical skills, while enjoying the beauty of the caves, with maintaining a balance between commercialization and the sense of uniqueness and exclusivity of the product.</div><div>As pristine and unexplored caves constitute a ‘non-renewable resource,’ thus there is a need for redefinition of ‘the unknown’ and ‘the new’ concepts in cave tourism practiced by dedicated cave tourists (far beyond the geographical sense). The result of this procedure might help meet the expectations of dedicated cave tourists toward their tourist experiences and the attractiveness of sites.</div><div>The explorations of dedicated cave tourists occur outside or on the fringes of tourism. To include them in the mainstream of broader tourism, it is necessary to find a balance between commercialization and the uniqueness and exclusivity of the product. T","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100829
Zhibo Tian , Qiang Zhang , Kyungsik Kim
<div><div>With increasing emphasis on environmental issues in outdoor leisure tourism, understanding the environmentally responsible behavioral intention (ERBI) of tourists is crucial to sustainable development. We explored the novel chain-mediating effect of experiential value on ERBI through place attachment and biospheric value among 300 recreational climbers in Yangshuo County, Guilin City. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM), we found that the experiential value of climbing resorts had a direct effect on place attachment and biospheric value. Experiential value and place attachment had a moderate effect on ERBI, while biospheric value had a positive effect on ERBI. However, experiential value and place attachment indirectly influenced ERBI through the mediating effect of biospheric value. Finally, experiential value indirectly affected ERBI via the chain-mediating effects of place attachment and biospheric value. <strong>These findings extend existing theoretical frameworks by elucidating previously underexplored chain-mediation relationships. Practical insights derived from this study include strategies for enhancing the management and environmental protection of rock-climbing resorts. These strategies should focus on deepening the emotional connection between recreational climbers and the environment through innovative marketing approaches that emphasize tailored environmental protection activities, community involvement, and sustainable tourism practices.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div>The findings suggest three innovative strategies, building on existing practices, to foster sustainable tourism in rock-climbing resorts by connecting tourists with the environment. First, immersive programs such as ecotourism, wildlife observation, and multimedia experiences would enhance experiential value. These programs can promote environmentally responsible behavior by actively engaging tourists in environmental education and encouraging deeper interactions with nature, fostering place attachment and biospheric values. Second, content marketing, including storytelling and environmental campaigns that emphasize the ecological significance of rock-climbing resorts could position them as advocates for environmental conservation, especially ecosystem and biodiversity preservation. Third, personalized marketing can strengthen place attachment. Tourists could share personal photos on social media and receive symbolic rewards, such as sustainable tourism certificates. These strategies will actively engage tourists in environmental conservation and sustainable tourism efforts, foster long-term participation, and enhance the unique appeal of resorts as leaders in eco-friendly tourism.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div>The findings suggest three innovative strategies, building on existing practices, to foster sustainable tourism in rock-climbing resorts by connecting t
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The presence of tourists may lead to environmental damage and vandalism, which can affect local community and tourist relationships, leading to dissatisfaction. The persistence of vandalism in natural environments can lead to detrimental effects; hence, identifying its triggering and inhibitory factors is crucial. The Fandoqhlou Forest region, as a tourist destination in Ardabil Province, has been subjected to various types of damage. The aim of this study is to assess the factors influencing and controlling damage resulting from tourism activities in the Fandoqhlou region. The study population included tourists and the local community who visited the forest area during the spring and summer months of 2023. Additionally, qualitative data analysis was conducted via Atlas Ti software. On the basis of the interview results, 479 initial codes were identified, from which 62 basic themes, 15 organizing themes, and 2 global themes were derived. The research findings identified the factors influencing the occurrence and control of vandalism in the study area. According to the results, environmental disregard, alongside tourists’ low cultural and educational awareness, was identified as a significant factor influencing vandalism. To mitigate this behavioral disorder, the important role of social media in disseminating relevant information and creating a platform for nature conservation in tourism activities and visits to natural sites can be emphasized.
Management implications
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Management programs should focus on enhancing environmental education and cultural awareness among both tourists and local communities need to mitigate vandalism and destructive behaviors at the natural forests and leverages social media to promote nature conservation.
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Strengthening collaboration and foster between local communities, government agencies, and private sectors, need to be established to increase surveillance, enforce penalties and supporting environmental guardians are essential for effective monitoring and deterrence of destructive behaviors.
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Implementing stricter law enforcement, along with establishing facilities and community empowerment programs, can strengthen forest protection, reduce vandalism, and promote a sustainable relationship between tourism and local communities.
{"title":"Factors influencing and controlling vandalism by tourists and local indigenous communities at the Fandoghlou forest natural site","authors":"Javad Madani , Vali Nemati , Raoof Mostafazadeh , Hediyeh Ashja","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of tourists may lead to environmental damage and vandalism, which can affect local community and tourist relationships, leading to dissatisfaction. The persistence of vandalism in natural environments can lead to detrimental effects; hence, identifying its triggering and inhibitory factors is crucial. The Fandoqhlou Forest region, as a tourist destination in Ardabil Province, has been subjected to various types of damage. The aim of this study is to assess the factors influencing and controlling damage resulting from tourism activities in the Fandoqhlou region. The study population included tourists and the local community who visited the forest area during the spring and summer months of 2023. Additionally, qualitative data analysis was conducted via Atlas Ti software. On the basis of the interview results, 479 initial codes were identified, from which 62 basic themes, 15 organizing themes, and 2 global themes were derived. The research findings identified the factors influencing the occurrence and control of vandalism in the study area. According to the results, environmental disregard, alongside tourists’ low cultural and educational awareness, was identified as a significant factor influencing vandalism. To mitigate this behavioral disorder, the important role of social media in disseminating relevant information and creating a platform for nature conservation in tourism activities and visits to natural sites can be emphasized.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div><ul><li><span>-</span><span><div>Management programs should focus on enhancing environmental education and cultural awareness among both tourists and local communities need to mitigate vandalism and destructive behaviors at the natural forests and leverages social media to promote nature conservation.</div></span></li><li><span>-</span><span><div>Strengthening collaboration and foster between local communities, government agencies, and private sectors, need to be established to increase surveillance, enforce penalties and supporting environmental guardians are essential for effective monitoring and deterrence of destructive behaviors.</div></span></li><li><span>-</span><span><div>Implementing stricter law enforcement, along with establishing facilities and community empowerment programs, can strengthen forest protection, reduce vandalism, and promote a sustainable relationship between tourism and local communities.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100827
Manuel Spiller
There is a need to bridge the disconnection between humans and nature through conscious landscape architectural designs. Recreation infrastructure can be a tool to guide humans towards a stronger connection with nature, improving health, welfare, and care for environmental issues. Considering Haraway's (2016) work on making kin with the more-than-human other and being with the trouble through cognisant presence of the self within a natural world, it appears that progress towards human-nature connectedness is stunted by commodification of the natural environment. This is reflected in nature discourse, and a risk perception driven by fear of nature which has become the unknown. A mixed methods study of the Barefoot Path Spalt, Germany, implementing document analysis, interviews, and criticism incorporating autoethnography and expert field assessments, generated knowledge on how trail designs can improve human-nature connectedness. The study based its findings on three major trail attributes, environmentally conscious trail design, the barefoot component, and interactive equipment and art. Results show that an intrinsic connection with the environment can be targeted with intentional trail design that entices curiosity, gradually guiding participants to build human-nature connectedness, contesting false risk perception.
Management implications
Results show that well designed trails have the potential to enhance human-nature connectedness with relatively cost-effective implementations. Future trail development and upgrades should consider (1) Conscious integration of a trail into the natural environment through a low-impact approach. (2) Using a creative feature that delivers a unique, nature-centric experience, for example through sensory immersion. (3) Installing both play equipment and art to mask the border between trail and context environment makes use of, and encourages more traffic to a trail, generating positive nature-contextual experiences.
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