Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management最新文献

{"title":"Linking protected areas with health and well-being: Reconstructing the recreational amenity experience model in the Chinese context","authors":"Kaimiao Lin ,&nbsp;Qing Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiong Lu ,&nbsp;Fang Meng ,&nbsp;Chongcheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amenity refers to health and well-being benefits that attract recreationists to protected areas. However, few studies have explored the specific components and characteristics of the recreational amenity experience from the perspective of Chinese recreationists. This concept is crucial for promoting protected areas as contributors to health and well-being and for advancing the well-planned development of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. The study used semi-structured interviews and grounded theory to establish the recreational amenity experience model, through analysis of 25 qualitative interviews. The recreational amenity experience model was constructed, including four dimensions of physiological, psychological, spiritual, and social amenity. The recreational amenity experience model developed in this study is based not only on the recreationists’ perceived health and well-being but also on the leisure and aesthetic aspects of traditional Chinese culture. Moreover, this study expands on the theory of cultural ecosystem services and promotes the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div><ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>The Recreational Amenity Experience Model (RAE) provides a framework for understanding how amenity elements within protected areas contribute to visitors' health and well-being.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>By recognizing the multifaceted dimensions of recreational amenity experience, managers of protected areas can design and implement programs that cater to a wide range of visitor needs.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Managers of protected areas can refer to the RAE to comprehend the full spectrum of visitors' expectations and identify intervention points to enhance the quality of recreation.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Understanding the critical role of recreational amenity experience in delivering cultural ecosystem services can inform resource allocation decisions.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of event quality on participants’ intention to revisit a sport event: Monetary valuation and mitigation of hypothetical bias","authors":"John C. Whitehead ,&nbsp;Pamela Wicker","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purposes of this study are (1) to examine the contribution of one event quality attribute (i.e., a scenic parkway) to participants' intention to revisit, (2) to assign a monetary value to this attribute, and (3) to estimate the magnitude of hypothetical bias in revisit intention and monetary values. The event is the Blue Ridge Brutal amateur bike ride in North Carolina, USA, where participants ride on the scenic Blue Ridge Parkway. Participants received a post-event survey with different hypothetical scenarios after the 2021 and 2022 ride, including riding on the scenic Blue Ridge Parkway or not. Monetary values were obtained by converting willingness-to-travel into willingness-to-pay based on travel cost. The regression results show that including the Blue Ridge Parkway significantly increases intention to revisit. The monetary value of the scenic parkway is $38.40 (2021) and $23.59 (2022) in the revealed preference setting. In the stated preference setting, the corresponding values are $48.02 (2021) and $41.18 (2022). Respondents overstated their intention to revisit by 14% (2021) and 38% (2022). The magnitude of hypothetical bias is $27 (2021) and $95 (2022) <em>with</em> the parkway; <em>without</em> the parkway it is $18 (2021) and $78 (2022). Although the magnitude in hypothetical bias is significant, it can be mitigated by combining revealed and stated preference data. The findings have implications for event organizers: Understanding the monetary value of the parkway is important as it shapes participants’ willingness-to-pay for the overall event experience and affects their intention to register again for the race.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on residents' tourism satisfaction in mountainous outdoor tourism destinations from a complexity perspective","authors":"Jian Gong ,&nbsp;Yong Feng ,&nbsp;Liqiang Xiao ,&nbsp;Yuanyao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of Mountainous outdoor tourism has a certain impact on the local economy, culture, and politics, and local residents have witnessed both the advantages and disadvantages of the local Mountainous outdoor tourism development. Their satisfaction evaluation of Mountainous outdoor tourism is an important observation dimension for achieving sustainable regional development. This study takes residents engaged in Mountainous outdoor sports-related projects and outdoor tourism in the Four Girls Mountainous area as the survey subjects, and employs the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method (fsQCA) based on complexity theory, using fsQCA, we constructed 10 complex theoretical models of residents' tourism satisfaction, with demographics, tourism sharing perception, and local perception as the main influencing factors. And combined with SPSS and SmartPLS for relevant data analysis, 22 high tourism satisfaction and 15 low tourism satisfaction causal combination paths were derived, and all combinations of antecedent conditions meet the condition that the coverage of the solution is greater than 0.3 and the consistency of the solution is greater than 0.75, It was found that each antecedent variable can have a positive, negative, or absent effect in the prediction, and the role of each path and variable depends on their mutual interaction. The study also deepened the understanding of the asymmetric causal relationships that exist between various influencing factors and residents’ tourism satisfaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fostering equity: How welcomeness, safety, and representation influence visitor coping and intention-to-return to parks and protected areas","authors":"Sammie L. Powers ,&nbsp;Lauren A. Ferguson ,&nbsp;Michael D. Ferguson ,&nbsp;Semra Aytur ,&nbsp;Mark B. Gorman ,&nbsp;Jessie L. Bennett ,&nbsp;Eric Feldbaum","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parks and protected areas (PPAs) in the United States, while intended to provide safe, welcoming, and equitable outdoor recreation spaces, may not always live up to these ideals. This study investigated how equity-oriented conditions—specifically procedural representation, welcomeness, and safety—affect visitor coping behaviors and intentions to return (ITR) to PPAs in New Hampshire (NH). In Spring 2023, a representative sample of 1364 NH residents who visit NH PPAs for outdoor recreation was collected as part of the 2024–2028 NH Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan.</div><div>Structural equation modeling revealed that procedural representation– visitors feeling engaged with management and decision-making– significantly enhanced perceptions of welcomeness and safety. This engagement correlated strongly with reduced feelings of displacement and increased ITR. Equity-related variables accounted for at least 40% of the variance in ITR, maintaining robust relationships even after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Furthermore, respondents perceiving higher levels of welcomeness and safety were less likely to feel displaced and more inclined to revisit PPAs, extending previous research by showing that enhanced procedural representation can improve access to the outdoors.</div><div>Study findings highlight the importance of integrating welcomeness, representation, and safety into the management practices of PPAs to ensure they are inclusive and meet diverse community needs. Further, results emphasize the critical role of equitable management to foster visitor loyalty and support sustained use of PPAs by diverse populations. These insights are essential for natural resource managers striving to advance diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice, thereby contributing to the long-term sustainability of natural resources worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100868"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do urban park spatial features influence public emotional responses during jogging? Evidence from social media data","authors":"Ming Gao ,&nbsp;Congying Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emotional responses elicited by urban green spaces are vital to understanding their role in public health. However, evidence remains scarce on how the characteristics of these spaces affect people's emotional reactions during activities. Our study aims to investigate the mechanisms linking the spatial organization and morphological features of green spaces with emotional preferences during jogging activities. Utilizing photographs collected from the Flickr social media site, we quantified emotional responses during jogging through an online cognitive service and explored the relationship between emotions' probability, intensity, and evenness with green space characteristics. Our results highlight significant patterns and individual variations in emotional responses, indicating that females more frequently exhibit happiness, while males tend to maintain a neutral emotional state. Additionally, we identified significant correlations between the characteristics of urban green spaces and emotional responses during jogging. Notably, connectivity and integration within these spaces are positively linked with both the probability and uniformity of emotional responses. Proximity to water bodies not only increases the likelihood of emotional responses but also intensifies them. This research provides empirically validated insights into emotional reactions during physical activities and underscores the design quality considerations that urban planners and policymakers should account for when updating or planning green spaces. Our study offers guidance for evidence-based design of restorative environments, thereby enhancing the potential emotional health benefits of urban green spaces.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div><ul><li><span>●</span><span><div>Improving the arrangement of blue spaces (water features) in parks can enhance outdoor joggers' positive emotional experiences.</div></span></li><li><span>●</span><span><div>Examining how park visitors' emotions during outdoor jogging correlate with park spatial characteristics can guide the redevelopment and redesign of parks to enrich visitors' recreational experiences.</div></span></li><li><span>●</span><span><div>The emotional differences observed among park visitors of different genders provide insights into how park environmental design and management can cater to diverse visitor preferences and needs.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From soft to hard adventure: Examining experienced mountaineers’ mountaineering intentions through the lens of the theory of planned behavior","authors":"Shih-Shuo Yeh ,&nbsp;Tai-Ying Chiang ,&nbsp;Kuan-Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Chen-Lin Lee ,&nbsp;Tzung-Cheng Huan","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to reinterpret the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to understand why experienced mountaineers enjoy the activity. This TPB-based framework is appropriate for studying mountaineering, allowing for an examination of how experienced mountaineers perceive and transform difficulties into challenges that provide additional motivation. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and participants were recruited through mountaineering associations, fan websites, and social media. The study sent out 700 invitations and received 555 responses, resulting in a return rate of 79.29%. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the hypotheses. The hypothesis testing confirmed several key relationships within the TPB framework as it applies to mountaineering. The study found that both social bonding and self-acceptance significantly contribute to attitude. Interestingly, self-acceptance emerged as a stronger predictor than social bonding, highlighting the importance of personal rewards and self-belief in the context of mountaineering. This finding aligns with existing literature suggesting that overcoming personal challenges is a critical motivator in adventure activities. This study makes significant theoretical contributions by extending the TPB to the context of mountaineering and provides valuable insights for the adventure tourism and mountaineering industry.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div>This study offers valuable insights for enhancing mountaineering tourism by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The findings highlight that self-acceptance and social bonding significantly influence attitudes toward mountaineering, with self-acceptance being the stronger predictor. For outdoor recreation and tourism managers, this means.<ul><li><span></span><span><div>•<strong>Design programs that emphasize personal growth and self-belief</strong>, as these are key motivators for participants.</div></span></li><li><span></span><span><div>•<strong>Promote social bonding opportunities</strong> to attract customers who value community and camaraderie.</div></span></li><li><span></span><span><div>•<strong>Offer a variety of mountaineering activities</strong>, from soft adventures (e.g., casual hikes) to more challenging climbs, to cater to diverse skill levels.</div></span></li><li><span></span><span><div>•<strong>Leverage marketing strategies</strong> that focus on the psychological benefits of mountaineering, such as personal achievement and social connections, to appeal to participants' intrinsic motivations.</div></span></li><li><span></span><span><div>By aligning offerings with these insights, outdoor recreation and tourism operators can attract a wider audience, enhance participant satisfaction, and improve engagement in Taiwan's adventure outdoor recreation and tourism sector.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of wine tourism potential in the countries of the former Yugoslavia","authors":"Radmila Jovanović ,&nbsp;Fernando Almeida-García ,&nbsp;Rafael Cortés-Macías ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Parzych","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We conducted a study on the tourism potential of the wine-growing areas of the countries of the former Yugoslavia, a region that has undergone extensive economic and political changes. We propose a new analysis model based on the open data for the evaluation of the tourism potential in wine-growing areas and wineries. For the research purposes, open geodata available through Open Street Maps, Google Maps, CORINE Land Cover, Digital Elevation Model and official databases of the countries analysed were taken. The tourism evaluation of the potential was carried out using a multicriterial method and the Geographic Information System. The variables linked to the wine tourism activity are grouped into six main tourism factors (cultural attractions, accommodation offer, etc.). On the other hand, the potential for wine tourism in the vineyard areas and winery are calculated, and the results are translated into maps that identify the tourism variables and are captured in three potential maps: Tourism factors, Vineyards and Wineries:<ul><li><span>i)</span><span><div>Tourism factor results highlight the areas with a high tourism potential that have a close connection with some tourism resources (sea, natural and heritage areas). The best scores were obtained in the wine-growing areas of Croatia and Slovenia, especially those located near the sea.</div></span></li><li><span>ii)</span><span><div>Vineyard areas with a high level of wine tourism are located in the similar areas, Dalmatia, Istria and border areas between Slovenia and Croatia.</div></span></li><li><span>iii)</span><span><div>Wineries with high tourism potential are located in Dalmatia and the Danube valley around Belgrade, and areas of Montenegro.</div></span></li></ul></div><div><strong>Management implications</strong>: The study identifies a series of specific measures for each of the former republics of Yugoslavia to improve wine tourism management. General measures for public and private managers are also proposed: <ul><li><span>i)</span><span><div>Improving the training of farmers in tourism management.</div></span></li><li><span>ii)</span><span><div>Tourism promotion and creation of tourism packages for wine tourism, as well as gastronomy and nature.</div></span></li><li><span>iii)</span><span><div>Development of accommodation infrastructures and improvement of the internet network.</div></span></li><li><span>iv)</span><span><div>Search for segments of travellers interested in wine tourism, gastronomy and nature.</div></span></li><li><span>v)</span><span><div>Development of quality brands for the wine sector and wine tourism sector.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100863"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mountain bike trails in urban forests: Meeting recreation demands in Vienna and Zurich","authors":"Ludvig Alice ,&nbsp;Zivojinovic Ivana ,&nbsp;Wilkes-Allemann Jerylee","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The forests around urban centers are vulnerable to deforestation due to climate change and high societal pressure for recreation. Vienna and Zurich, with populations of approximately two million and 500,000, respectively, exemplify these issues. Both cities are growing, tourism is increasing and forest managers have struggled over recreational infrastructures. Higher urbanization has led to overcrowded urban forest areas and conflicts between the ecosystem services they provide. Mountain biking has developed rapidly in recent years, and the related urban pressure is high.</div><div>While some solutions have been found, the question remains as to how sustainable these solutions are in terms of stability and resistance to future challenges. This study investigates the struggles related to the recreational use of urban forests, focusing on illegal mountain bike trails and the response to emerging societal demands from both stakeholders and decision-makers. Using Vienna and Zurich's forests as examples, the research first traces the struggles and related negotiations for the legalization of bike trails back to their origins. Second, it explores the solutions found, and third, it assesses the changes and resulting future demands. Data sources include documents and semi-structured interviews with key actors involved, including bikers and forest managers. Our consideration of bikers and forest managers shows differences and commonalities in actor compositions, planning strategies and outcomes. The most decisive factor for infrastructure installments is organization of pressure from interest groups to influence change. However, the financial solutions require better alignment. It appears questionable whether the trails in their current state can respond to and fulfill growing demands and adapt to current technical innovation in the sports sector. The results provide insights for future efforts on how to govern and manage increasing pressure from urban populations on sports activities within nearby forest areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method for overtourism optimisation for protected areas","authors":"Mateusz Rogowski","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing popularity of protected areas in recent years can be attributed to the reopening of tourism after the Covid-19 pandemic and the growing demand for outdoor activities in such areas. However, many protected areas are facing issues of overtourism, which negatively impacts nature, residents, the regional economy, and visitors alike. This study aims to address overtourism within protected areas through the development and validation of a new and original method known as the Method of Overtourism Optimization. The method involves the spatio-temporal diagnosis of overtourism and the implementation of actions to manage it effectively. The research utilized hourly visitor data spanning from 2017 to 2023, along with questionnaire survey data to diagnose overtourism by both visitors and residents. Actions to manage overtourism were developed through a participatory decision-making process involving protected areas managers, scientists, external experts, and public input. The research was conducted in the Stołowe Mountains National Park in Poland. Implementing the method resulted in a dispersion of visitor flow, reducing both average and peak visitor numbers around noon while increasing visitors during morning, late afternoon, and evening hours. These measures were well-received socially through participatory decision-making processes. Visitor and resident feedback played a crucial role in the social participation aspect of overtourism management, emphasizing the importance of these stakeholders in decision-making processes. The versatility of the method's application depends on its ability to implement various actions tailored to the specific landscape, access rules, and tourist trail network of each protected areas.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div>The Method of Overtourism Optimizing represents a new approach to overtourism analysis that protected area managers can use to create tailored strategies for optimizing overtourism in their area.</div><div>When diagnosing overtourism, protected area managers form a team of stakeholders to gain the perspectives of each group. Any change should be made with this comprehensive understanding.</div><div>Protected area managers can actively involve all stakeholders, including the local community, in the decision-making process, thereby gaining public acceptance for the implemented overtourism optimization measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Healing ourselves, healing nature”: Holistic thermalism in Spain as a mutually enriching practice?","authors":"Aida Pinos-Navarrete,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Toro-Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under more sustainable alternatives of tourism, a variety of proposals are encompassed, revolving around resilient and immersive leisure practices in nature. In this context, holistic thermalism stands out as a paradigmatic case of \"being-well in nature,\" relying on the on-site utilization of mineral medicinal waters to achieve an experience that transcends mere recreation, evolving into spiritual and tentacular motivations intertwined with the web of life. Indeed, this is the most significant of its defining qualities, linking thermalism to its most original and ancestral conception. The user must necessarily journey to the location where the health-giving waters reside, engage with their cyclical and ecosystemic components, and their sojourn requires a certain degree of sociability and tranquility, as sensory factors and the environment contribute to creating a therapeutic and healing landscape crucial to thermalism. Simultaneously, the setting where the thermal cure takes place must meet a series of logistical and technical requirements to ensure the success of the treatment, such as providing complementary accommodation, dining services, and other infrastructure dedicated to this slow tourism: paths and trails for strolling through environments of great aesthetic and environmental appeal. In Spain, and given the aforementioned requisites, thermal tourism is typically carried out in areas of high ecological value, within rural areas exposed to depopulation issues and the abandonment of resilient agricultural and livestock practices with the environment. In this sense, the main aim of the research is to reflect on how the use of mineral-medicinal water in thermal places in Spain is linked to the space, natural resources, heritage, population, and landscape, forming a prominent part of the concept of thermalism. At the same time, this represents an opportunity for the conservation of areas of high ecological value.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div><ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>The uniqueness of holistic tourism and the fact that it involves non-mass tourism will attract a more concerned user.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Modern thermal centres create artificial environments indoor with little direct contact with nature.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>The efficient management of the landscape and natural resources in thermal locations is necessary.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>The concept of holistic thermalism should be introduced in thermal centres to position themselves as a health brand.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100860"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}