A computational account of self-control

Self-control is core to human well-being. However, the lack of a well-specified, computationally tractable framework related to self-control makes it difficult to clarify underlying mechanisms, interpret relevant empirical phenomena, or develop interventions helpful in promoting self-control. To help address this gap, we invite consideration of the Comparison with Goal States Model (CGSM) for self-control. The CGSM amplifies activations related to available options whose representations are similar to representations of relevant goals and diminishes activations related to available options whose representations are dissimilar to representations of relevant goals. For example, influenced by healthy eating goals, the CGSM would amplify activations related to an apple and diminish activations related to a cookie, leading to an eventual preference for the apple, even though the cookie might be initially preferred. The CGSM successfully explicates observations related to reaction time in food choice, dynamics reflected in mouse-tracking trajectories, and showcases a mechanism by which hyperbolic discount curves in temporal discounting contexts might emerge. We use the CGSM to propose theoretical constraints on the nature of self-control and describe how multiple strategies have the potential to promote self-control.