Advanced low-temperature preheating strategies for power lithium-ion batteries applied in electric vehicles: A review

At low temperatures, the charge/discharge capacity of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) applied in electric vehicles (EVs) will show a significant degradation. Additionally, LIB are difficult to charge, and their negative surface can easily accumulate and form lithium metal. The growth of lithium dendrites will impale the diaphragm, resulting in a short circuit inside the battery, which promotes the thermal runaway (TR) risk. Hence, it is essential to preheat power batteries rapidly and uniformly in extremely low-temperature climates. In this paper, first, the effect of low temperature conditions on LIB properties is described in detail. Second, a concreted classification of power battery low-temperature preheating strategies is carried out. Following that, the advantages and disadvantages of various warming-up strategies are systematically compared and analyzed. Eventually, the research recommendations are highlighted considering the future development trend of low-temperature heating technology. This paper provides theoretical guidance and has engineering application value for the enhancement and industrialization popularization of preheating schemes, as well as the improvement of thermal safety of electrically driven motors.