Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101261
Yuan Tang, Yanshuai Zhao, Kaixiong Xiang
This study explores a method for the large-scale recycling and reuse of spent LiFePO4 from industry by synthesizing regenerated LiFePO4/C materials via a carbothermal reduction method using Nb-doped spent LiFePO4 as precursors. Among these regenerated materials, the 3 wt% Nb-doped sample exhibits a first discharge capacity of 140.2 mA h/g at 1 C. At 0.1 C, 2 C, and 5 C, the first discharge capacities are 162.6, 125.4, and 75.3 mA h/g, respectively. These experimental results demonstrate the excellent electrochemical performance of the 3 wt% Nb-doped sample. The regeneration method employed in this study, which offers convenient operation, easy preparation, and low cost, proves to be a viable approach for recycling spent cathodes and reusing them.
本研究以掺杂铌的废LiFePO4为前驱体，通过碳热还原法制备再生LiFePO4/C材料，探索工业废LiFePO4大规模回收再利用的方法。在这些再生材料中，3 wt% nb掺杂样品在1 ℃下的首次放电容量为140.2 mA h/g。在0.1 C、2 C和5 C条件下，第一次放电容量分别为162.6、125.4和75.3 mA h/g。这些实验结果证明了3 wt% nb掺杂样品具有优异的电化学性能。本研究采用的再生方法具有操作方便、制备简单、成本低等优点，是一种可行的废阴极回收再利用方法。
{"title":"Preparation and electrochemical performance of Nb-doped LiFePO₄/C regenerated from spent Li-ion battery cathodes","authors":"Yuan Tang, Yanshuai Zhao, Kaixiong Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores a method for the large-scale recycling and reuse of spent LiFePO<sub>4</sub> from industry by synthesizing regenerated LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/C materials via a carbothermal reduction method using Nb-doped spent LiFePO<sub>4</sub> as precursors. Among these regenerated materials, the 3 wt% Nb-doped sample exhibits a first discharge capacity of 140.2 mA h/g at 1 C. At 0.1 C, 2 C, and 5 C, the first discharge capacities are 162.6, 125.4, and 75.3 mA h/g, respectively. These experimental results demonstrate the excellent electrochemical performance of the 3 wt% Nb-doped sample. The regeneration method employed in this study, which offers convenient operation, easy preparation, and low cost, proves to be a viable approach for recycling spent cathodes and reusing them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101268
Mao He , Huili Jiang , Bin Zhang , Jihua Chen , Liangwei Jiang
The ultrafine LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with excellent electrochemical performance is successfully synthesized using carbonate as precursor (NiCO3, MnCO3 and Li2CO3) by high-energy ball milling followed by double sintering method. The influence of different ball milling time and the powders synthesized by double sintering method on the phase composition, morphological characteristics and the electrochemical performance was studied. The results indicate that the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders by ball-mill for 10 h followed by sintering at 700℃ for 5 h shows the well-ordered high crystalline with mean size of the primary nanoparticles about 100 nm, and the discharge capacity is 123.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C rate. Further sintering at 900℃ for 1 h, the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders have a cubic spinel structure (Fd3m) with higher crystallinity and exhibit a narrow size distribution with the particle size around 600 nm, and the highest discharge capacity of 143.3mAh g−1 at 0.1 C rate, 96.7 % capacity retention after 50 cycles at 2 C rate, and the coulombic efficiency exceeding 98.5 %.
{"title":"Electrochemical properties and preparation of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material by high-energy ball milling for Li-Ion batteries","authors":"Mao He , Huili Jiang , Bin Zhang , Jihua Chen , Liangwei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ultrafine LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with excellent electrochemical performance is successfully synthesized using carbonate as precursor (NiCO<sub>3</sub>, MnCO<sub>3</sub> and Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>) by high-energy ball milling followed by double sintering method. The influence of different ball milling time and the powders synthesized by double sintering method on the phase composition, morphological characteristics and the electrochemical performance was studied. The results indicate that the LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> powders by ball-mill for 10 h followed by sintering at 700℃ for 5 h shows the well-ordered high crystalline with mean size of the primary nanoparticles about 100 nm, and the discharge capacity is 123.3 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 C rate. Further sintering at 900℃ for 1 h, the LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> powders have a cubic spinel structure (Fd3m) with higher crystallinity and exhibit a narrow size distribution with the particle size around 600 nm, and the highest discharge capacity of 143.3mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 C rate, 96.7 % capacity retention after 50 cycles at 2 C rate, and the coulombic efficiency exceeding 98.5 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101269
Huan Wei , Mingqi Xiao , Huajie Zhu , Duoyao Liang , Yue Wang , Lin Liao , Huayun Du , Yinghui Wei
Weathering steel has potential use in solar photovoltaic brackets owing to its satisfactory atmospheric corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. In this study, an exposure experiment was conducted in an industrial atmospheric environment. The corrosion weight gain, macro-morphology, micro-morphology, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, and electrochemical characteristics of a new 720 weathering steel with and without a surface oxide layer and Q235 with a surface oxide layer formed during hot rolling were compared. The corrosion characteristics were identified, and the underlying mechanism of the effect of the surface oxide layer formed during hot rolling on corrosion resistance was analyzed. The experimental and analytical results show that the rusting coat on Q235O and WS is relatively loose with cracks, and the main component is γ-FeOOH, while the rust of WSO is dense, and stable α-FeOOH formed in the inner rust layer after exposure for 8 months. The Cu element is enriched in the rust layer, which hinders the diffusion of corrosive Cl ions into the substrate. The surface oxide layer formed during hot rolling accelerates the formation of a stabilized rust layer in weathering steel and significantly reduces its corrosion rate of weathering steel in atmospheric corrosion.
{"title":"Influence of surface oxide layer formed during hot rolling on the atmospheric corrosion resistance of 720 weathering steel","authors":"Huan Wei , Mingqi Xiao , Huajie Zhu , Duoyao Liang , Yue Wang , Lin Liao , Huayun Du , Yinghui Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Weathering steel has potential use in solar photovoltaic brackets owing to its satisfactory atmospheric corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. In this study, an exposure experiment was conducted in an industrial atmospheric environment. The corrosion weight gain, macro-morphology, micro-morphology, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, and electrochemical characteristics of a new 720 weathering steel with and without a surface oxide layer and Q235 with a surface oxide layer formed during hot rolling were compared. The corrosion characteristics were identified, and the underlying mechanism of the effect of the surface oxide layer formed during hot rolling on corrosion resistance was analyzed. The experimental and analytical results show that the rusting coat on Q235O and WS is relatively loose with cracks, and the main component is γ-FeOOH, while the rust of WSO is dense, and stable α-FeOOH formed in the inner rust layer after exposure for 8 months. The Cu element is enriched in the rust layer, which hinders the diffusion of corrosive Cl ions into the substrate. The surface oxide layer formed during hot rolling accelerates the formation of a stabilized rust layer in weathering steel and significantly reduces its corrosion rate of weathering steel in atmospheric corrosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101271
Inam Omar, Khadijah M. Emran
Among the most pressing problems in improving the technology of water electrolysis is the reduced speed of O2 evolution. Accordingly, there is a serious demand for more competent, robust, and economically sustainable catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In the current work, nickel (Ni) layers, as active electrochemical catalysts, were electrodeposited with various potentials on free-standing titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNT/Ni) and a strontium/titanium dioxide nanotube doped (Sr@TNT/Ni) on an Au electrode for the development of OER. TNTs and Sr@TNTs were examined utilizing SEM, EDS, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear polarization (LP) responses have been used in potassium hydroxide solution to investigate the activity of TNTs, Sr@TNT, TNT/Ni, and Sr@TNT/Ni as catalysts. The reaction followed the Volmer-like mechanism. Among all the studied catalysts, the superior Au/Sr@TNT/Ni catalyst exhibited the highest oxygen evolution rate of 79.6 mA cm−2 at an applied potential of 900 mV, demonstrating considerable stability of the catalyst.
在改进水电解技术中最紧迫的问题是降低氧的析出速度。因此，对出氧反应（OER）的催化剂有更强的能力，强大的，经济上可持续的需求。在本工作中，镍（Ni）层作为活性电化学催化剂，以不同电位沉积在独立的二氧化钛纳米管（TNT/Ni）上，并在Au电极上掺杂锶/二氧化钛纳米管（Sr@TNT/Ni），用于OER的开发。利用SEM、EDS、XRD和拉曼光谱对tnt和Sr@TNTs进行了表征。利用循环伏安法（CV）、电化学阻抗谱法（EIS）和线性极化法（LP）在氢氧化钾溶液中考察了TNT、Sr@TNT、TNT/Ni和Sr@TNT/Ni作为催化剂的活性。反应遵循沃尔默式机制。在所有催化剂中，优异的Au/Sr@TNT/Ni催化剂在900 mV的应用电位下表现出最高的析氧速率，为79.6 mA cm−2，表现出较好的稳定性。
{"title":"Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution on Ni-modified Sr@TiO₂ nanotubes in alkaline medium","authors":"Inam Omar, Khadijah M. Emran","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among the most pressing problems in improving the technology of water electrolysis is the reduced speed of O<sub>2</sub> evolution. Accordingly, there is a serious demand for more competent, robust, and economically sustainable catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In the current work, nickel (Ni) layers, as active electrochemical catalysts, were electrodeposited with various potentials on free-standing titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNT/Ni) and a strontium/titanium dioxide nanotube doped (Sr@TNT/Ni) on an Au electrode for the development of OER. TNTs and Sr@TNTs were examined utilizing SEM, EDS, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear polarization (LP) responses have been used in potassium hydroxide solution to investigate the activity of TNTs, Sr@TNT, TNT/Ni, and Sr@TNT/Ni as catalysts. The reaction followed the Volmer-like mechanism. Among all the studied catalysts, the superior Au/Sr@TNT/Ni catalyst exhibited the highest oxygen evolution rate of 79.6 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> at an applied potential of 900 mV, demonstrating considerable stability of the catalyst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101255
Lu Wang , Shanshan Mu , Lina Zhang, Na Wang, Lei Zhang, Yan Zhang, Xia Han
The sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a critical tumor marker, is paramount for early-stage cancer diagnosis and management. This study reports the development of a novel, label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a gamma-phase manganese dioxide–chitosan (γ-MnO₂–CS) nanocomposite on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The engineered sensing interface leverages the synergistic properties of its constituents: the porous, high-surface-area γ-MnO₂–CS matrix provides an ideal scaffold for high-density antibody immobilization, while the integrated AuNPs create a highly conductive network that significantly amplifies the electrochemical signal. The immunosensor operates by measuring the impedance to electron transfer from a [Fe(CN)₆]³ ⁻/⁴⁻ redox probe, which is proportionally hindered by the binding of CEA to surface-immobilized antibodies. The platform demonstrated exceptional analytical performance, exhibiting an ultra-wide linear dynamic range spanning seven orders of magnitude from 10 fg mL−1 to 100 ng mL−1, with an extremely low limit of detection of 9.6 fg mL−1. Furthermore, the sensor showed excellent precision, with inter-day CVs below 9 % for mid- and high-range concentrations, and demonstrated high selectivity against common interferents. Its practical utility was confirmed in diluted human serum, achieving spike-recovery rates between 94.1 % and 104.6 %, validating its potential as a powerful and reliable tool for clinical applications.
{"title":"Layer-by-layer assembled AuNP/γ-MnO₂–chitosan modified GCE for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen","authors":"Lu Wang , Shanshan Mu , Lina Zhang, Na Wang, Lei Zhang, Yan Zhang, Xia Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a critical tumor marker, is paramount for early-stage cancer diagnosis and management. This study reports the development of a novel, label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a gamma-phase manganese dioxide–chitosan (γ-MnO₂–CS) nanocomposite on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The engineered sensing interface leverages the synergistic properties of its constituents: the porous, high-surface-area γ-MnO₂–CS matrix provides an ideal scaffold for high-density antibody immobilization, while the integrated AuNPs create a highly conductive network that significantly amplifies the electrochemical signal. The immunosensor operates by measuring the impedance to electron transfer from a [Fe(CN)₆]³ ⁻/⁴⁻ redox probe, which is proportionally hindered by the binding of CEA to surface-immobilized antibodies. The platform demonstrated exceptional analytical performance, exhibiting an ultra-wide linear dynamic range spanning seven orders of magnitude from 10 fg mL<sup>−1</sup> to 100 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>, with an extremely low limit of detection of 9.6 fg mL<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, the sensor showed excellent precision, with inter-day CVs below 9 % for mid- and high-range concentrations, and demonstrated high selectivity against common interferents. Its practical utility was confirmed in diluted human serum, achieving spike-recovery rates between 94.1 % and 104.6 %, validating its potential as a powerful and reliable tool for clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101270
Xu Qinkun, Xia Xin, Tian Tingting
To address the safety hazards of lithium battery fires, the limitations of low cooling efficiency of fine water mist fire-extinguishing technology, and the research gap regarding composite additives, this study conducted experiments on the suppression of lithium battery fires by fine water mist containing different additives based on a self-built experimental platform. The study used NCM ternary lithium batteries as the research object and triggered thermal runaway through external heating. The experimental results indicate that the higher the battery SOC (State of Charge), the earlier the thermal runaway is triggered, the higher the peak temperature, and the more intense the combustion phenomena. Under the action of fine water mist, the thermal runaway process of lithium batteries can be divided into four stages, but reignition phenomena still occurs. Each additive has an optimal mass fraction (0.15 % for FeCl2, 2.5 % for sodium lactate, and 0.3 % for both urea and Tween 20). Among them, FeCl2 and sodium lactate perform excellently in suppressing the temperature rise during thermal runaway, while urea and Tween 20 have more advantages in enhancing cooling performance. The composite additives demonstrate the best overall performance, especially the combinations of FeCl2 + Tween 20 and sodium lactate + Tween 20, which can reduce the maximum temperature to about 650℃ (an improvement of about 35 % in suppression effect compared with pure water mist) and effectively prevent reignition. This study provides theoretical support and technical references for the safety design, fire prevention, and emergency response of lithium batteries.
{"title":"Effect of composite additives in fine water mist on suppressing thermal runaway in lithium batteries","authors":"Xu Qinkun, Xia Xin, Tian Tingting","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the safety hazards of lithium battery fires, the limitations of low cooling efficiency of fine water mist fire-extinguishing technology, and the research gap regarding composite additives, this study conducted experiments on the suppression of lithium battery fires by fine water mist containing different additives based on a self-built experimental platform. The study used NCM ternary lithium batteries as the research object and triggered thermal runaway through external heating. The experimental results indicate that the higher the battery SOC (State of Charge), the earlier the thermal runaway is triggered, the higher the peak temperature, and the more intense the combustion phenomena. Under the action of fine water mist, the thermal runaway process of lithium batteries can be divided into four stages, but reignition phenomena still occurs. Each additive has an optimal mass fraction (0.15 % for FeCl<sub>2</sub>, 2.5 % for sodium lactate, and 0.3 % for both urea and Tween 20). Among them, FeCl<sub>2</sub> and sodium lactate perform excellently in suppressing the temperature rise during thermal runaway, while urea and Tween 20 have more advantages in enhancing cooling performance. The composite additives demonstrate the best overall performance, especially the combinations of FeCl<sub>2</sub> + Tween 20 and sodium lactate + Tween 20, which can reduce the maximum temperature to about 650℃ (an improvement of about 35 % in suppression effect compared with pure water mist) and effectively prevent reignition. This study provides theoretical support and technical references for the safety design, fire prevention, and emergency response of lithium batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101267
Chun-Jern Pan , Yi-Yu Chen , Shih-Che Lin , Bing-Joe Hwang , Chia-Hsin Wang , Chun-I. Lee
Lithium metal batteries have shown great potential in energy storage applications, and the development of novel electrolytes provide new opportunities to enhance their performance. This study proposes an innovative dual-lithium-salt electrolyte composed of lithium nitrate (LiNO3) and lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) in sulfolane solvent. The electrolyte exhibits high Li plating/stripping reversibility and stability, effectively improving electrode interfacial compatibility. The introduction of LiBOB regulates the solvation structure, optimizes lithium-ion transport, and promotes the formation of a robust solid electrolyte interphase, which is crucial for interfacial stability and prolonged battery life. NMR spectra reveal that oxygen-rich groups in bis(oxalato)borate anion (BOB-) participate in Li+ solvation, increasing electron cloud density. This structural reorganization facilitates Li+ dissociation and further improves ionic conductivity. The electrolyte maintains stable Li plating/stripping voltage profiles with significantly lower polarization over long-term cycling in Li//Li cells, demonstrating smooth Li+ transport and stable interfaces that suppress dendrite growth and impedance rise. In Li//Cu cell, the electrolyte achieves an average coulombic efficiency of 97.85 %, showing high reversibility and stable interfacial behavior. Furthermore, in the Li//LiMn2O4 half-cell tests, the electrolyte demonstrated outstanding performance under various operating conditions. It achieved stable cycling for 680 cycles at 100 mA g−1 while maintaining an average coulombic efficiency of 99.2 % and a capacity retention of 84.54 %. Even at a high current rate of 500 mA g−1, the cell continued to operate stably for more than 260 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of approximately 99.2 %. Under elevated-temperature conditions of 60 °C, the electrolyte also exhibited excellent cycling stability and thermal tolerance. Overall, the novel electrolyte combines high ionic conductivity, superior thermal and electrochemical stability, and long cycling life, confirming its potential as a safe and high-performance electrolyte candidate for lithium metal batteries.
锂金属电池在储能应用中显示出巨大的潜力，新型电解质的开发为提高其性能提供了新的机遇。本研究提出了一种在亚砜溶剂中由硝酸锂（LiNO3）和硼酸锂（LiBOB）组成的新型双锂盐电解质。该电解质具有较高的镀/剥离锂的可逆性和稳定性，有效地改善了电极界面相容性。LiBOB的引入调节了溶剂化结构，优化了锂离子的输运，促进了坚固的固体电解质界面相的形成，这对界面稳定性和延长电池寿命至关重要。核磁共振谱显示，硼酸铋阴离子（BOB-）中的富氧基团参与Li+溶剂化，增加了电子云密度。这种结构重组有利于Li+解离，进一步提高离子电导率。电解质在Li//Li电池中长期循环时保持稳定的镀/剥离电压分布，极化显著降低，显示出Li+的平滑传输和稳定的界面，抑制枝晶生长和阻抗上升。在Li//Cu电池中，电解质的平均库仑效率为97.85 %，具有较高的可逆性和稳定的界面行为。此外，在Li//LiMn2O4半电池测试中，电解质在各种操作条件下都表现出优异的性能。在100 mA g−1下稳定循环680次，平均库仑效率为99.2% %，容量保持率为84.54 %。即使在500 mA g−1的高电流下，电池也能以约99.2% %的库仑效率持续稳定运行260多个循环。在60℃的高温条件下，电解质也表现出良好的循环稳定性和耐热性。总的来说，这种新型电解质结合了高离子电导率、优异的热稳定性和电化学稳定性以及长循环寿命，证实了其作为锂金属电池安全和高性能电解质候选材料的潜力。
{"title":"Lithium nitrate/Lithium bis(oxalate)borate dual-salt in sulfolane as nonflammable electrolyte for stable lithium-metal batteries","authors":"Chun-Jern Pan , Yi-Yu Chen , Shih-Che Lin , Bing-Joe Hwang , Chia-Hsin Wang , Chun-I. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium metal batteries have shown great potential in energy storage applications, and the development of novel electrolytes provide new opportunities to enhance their performance. This study proposes an innovative dual-lithium-salt electrolyte composed of lithium nitrate (LiNO<sub>3</sub>) and lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) in sulfolane solvent. The electrolyte exhibits high Li plating/stripping reversibility and stability, effectively improving electrode interfacial compatibility. The introduction of LiBOB regulates the solvation structure, optimizes lithium-ion transport, and promotes the formation of a robust solid electrolyte interphase, which is crucial for interfacial stability and prolonged battery life. NMR spectra reveal that oxygen-rich groups in bis(oxalato)borate anion (BOB<sup>-</sup>) participate in Li<sup>+</sup> solvation, increasing electron cloud density. This structural reorganization facilitates Li<sup>+</sup> dissociation and further improves ionic conductivity. The electrolyte maintains stable Li plating/stripping voltage profiles with significantly lower polarization over long-term cycling in Li//Li cells, demonstrating smooth Li<sup>+</sup> transport and stable interfaces that suppress dendrite growth and impedance rise. In Li//Cu cell, the electrolyte achieves an average coulombic efficiency of 97.85 %, showing high reversibility and stable interfacial behavior. Furthermore, in the Li//LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> half-cell tests, the electrolyte demonstrated outstanding performance under various operating conditions. It achieved stable cycling for 680 cycles at 100 mA g<sup>−1</sup> while maintaining an average coulombic efficiency of 99.2 % and a capacity retention of 84.54 %. Even at a high current rate of 500 mA g<sup>−1</sup>, the cell continued to operate stably for more than 260 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of approximately 99.2 %. Under elevated-temperature conditions of 60 °C, the electrolyte also exhibited excellent cycling stability and thermal tolerance. Overall, the novel electrolyte combines high ionic conductivity, superior thermal and electrochemical stability, and long cycling life, confirming its potential as a safe and high-performance electrolyte candidate for lithium metal batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Co in the lattice of ZIF-67 can be easily replaced by non-precious metal (Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn) to prepare non-precious metal (Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn) doped ZIF-67, which can be employed as excellent precursors to prepare bimetallic porous polyhedrons. In these bimetallic porous polyhedrons, hybrids containing carbon and nitrogen (C/N hybrids) are the basic framework, and bimetallic oxides are the key catalytic active centers. C/N hybrids possess good biocompatibility, bimetallic oxides own unique bimetallic synergistic catalytic effects, which jointly achieve the non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing for glucose. These bimetallic porous polyhedrons (Cu(2 %)&Co@PCN, Ni(1 %)&Co@PCN, Fe(1 %)&Co@PCN and Zn(1 %)&Co@PCN) not only reveal excellent performance for glucose amperometric detection, but also can be employed to detect glucose in the human serum samples, indicating that they have great commercial value for developing a new generation of non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensors.
{"title":"M-ZIF-67 (M = Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn) derived bimetallic porous polyhedrons for non-enzymatic amperometric glucose detection","authors":"Hui Yang, Xiaopeng Wang, Kongxiang Quan, Changchang Zhang, Zhiqiang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Co in the lattice of ZIF-67 can be easily replaced by non-precious metal (Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn) to prepare non-precious metal (Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn) doped ZIF-67, which can be employed as excellent precursors to prepare bimetallic porous polyhedrons. In these bimetallic porous polyhedrons, hybrids containing carbon and nitrogen (C/N hybrids) are the basic framework, and bimetallic oxides are the key catalytic active centers. C/N hybrids possess good biocompatibility, bimetallic oxides own unique bimetallic synergistic catalytic effects, which jointly achieve the non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing for glucose. These bimetallic porous polyhedrons (Cu(2 %)&Co@PCN, Ni(1 %)&Co@PCN, Fe(1 %)&Co@PCN and Zn(1 %)&Co@PCN) not only reveal excellent performance for glucose amperometric detection, but also can be employed to detect glucose in the human serum samples, indicating that they have great commercial value for developing a new generation of non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diroximel fumarate (DRF) is a new oral fumarate applied in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The present work introduces a new method for the detection of DRF drugs through a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). The MIP was synthesized on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using the electropolymerization of monomer α‑cyclodextrin (α-CD) and the DRF template. In this sense, an electrochemical sensor incorporating a MIP was designed particularly to detect DRF for the first time. The modified GCE was investigated via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The designed sensor provided acceptable selectivity, reproducibility, repeatability, and stability. Additionally, the modified electrode showed a good linear response from 0.01 to 1300 nM with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.0033 nM. The MIP/GCE was applied for DRF detection in a real sample with success. To find out the reliability of the proposed strategy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was employed to detect DRF in the real sample.
{"title":"Electrochemical detection of diroximel fumarate using an α-cyclodextrin-based molecularly imprinted polymer sensor in human serum","authors":"Mahmoud Roushani , Zahra Mirzaei Karazan , Husam Jalil Abdulkahim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diroximel fumarate (DRF) is a new oral fumarate applied in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The present work introduces a new method for the detection of DRF drugs through a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). The MIP was synthesized on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using the electropolymerization of monomer α‑cyclodextrin (α-CD) and the DRF template. In this sense, an electrochemical sensor incorporating a MIP was designed particularly to detect DRF for the first time. The modified GCE was investigated via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The designed sensor provided acceptable selectivity, reproducibility, repeatability, and stability. Additionally, the modified electrode showed a good linear response from 0.01 to 1300 nM with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.0033 nM. The MIP/GCE was applied for DRF detection in a real sample with success. To find out the reliability of the proposed strategy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was employed to detect DRF in the real sample.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101262
Keqiang Ding , Xiaoxuan Liang , Ying Bai , Yiqing Chen , Jiawen Bao , Qian Zhao , Mengqing Niu , Wanting Shi , Hui Wang
<div><div>For the first time, a novel kind of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst, namely, a flaky graphite (denoted as FG) and nickelous oxide (NiO) composite material supported platinum (Pt) catalyst (denoted as Pt/FG-NiO), is prepared via an air calcination-assisted hydrothermal method, in which the commercial graphite, one kind of nickel-containing substance (nickel acetate tetrahydrate (Ni(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>·4 H<sub>2</sub>O) or nickel acetylacetonate (C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>14</sub>NiO<sub>4</sub>) or nickel oxalate dehydrate (NiC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>·2 H<sub>2</sub>O)) and chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate (H<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub>·6 H<sub>2</sub>O) are utilized as the starting materials. In this work, firstly, three precursors are synthesized through calcining the mixture having the commercial graphite and one kind of nickel-containing substance in air at 550℃ for 1 h, namely, precursor p<sub>1</sub>, p<sub>2</sub> and p<sub>3</sub> are respectively prepared using Ni(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>·4 H<sub>2</sub>O, C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>14</sub>NiO<sub>4</sub> and NiC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>·2 H<sub>2</sub>O. Subsequently, the resulting precursor p<sub>1</sub>, p<sub>2</sub> and p<sub>3</sub> are subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in the presence of chloroplatinic acid solution, respectively, generating catalyst c<sub>1</sub>, c<sub>2</sub> and c<sub>3</sub>. As demonstrated by XRD and XPS results, graphite, NiO and metallic Pt are the major substances of all fabricated catalysts. More importantly, all prepared catalysts, especially catalyst c<sub>1</sub>, showed an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards alkaline HER. For example, the overpotential value to attain a HER current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> on catalyst c<sub>1</sub> is as lower as 39.6 mV, being rather lower than that of catalyst c<sub>2</sub> (52.2 mV) and c<sub>3</sub> (57.2 mV). To be noted, the value of 39.6 mV for catalyst c<sub>1</sub> is very close to that of the commercial platinum/carbon (Pt/C) catalyst (37.9 mV). The Tafel slope values of catalyst c<sub>1</sub>, c<sub>2</sub>, c<sub>3</sub> and Pt/C for HER are about 41.3, 52.4, 59.0 and 49.5 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. In the chronoamperometry (CA) test, the HER current density measured on catalyst c<sub>1</sub> is about 7.81 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> after 10 h, being much higher than that of catalyst c<sub>2</sub> (2.15 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>), c<sub>3</sub> (2.73 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) and the commercial Pt/C (5.63 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>). After a thorough characterization, the greatly decreased R<sub>ct</sub> and the larger ECSA value are analyzed to be the main reasons giving catalyst c<sub>1</sub> an outstanding HER electrocatalytic activity. Showing the preparation of a novel HER catalyst of Pt/FG-NiO as well as its satisfied HER electrocatalytic performance are the main contributions of the present work, which is very beneficial to the development of Ni and Pt based alka
{"title":"Pt/flaky graphite–NiO composite electrocatalyst for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Keqiang Ding , Xiaoxuan Liang , Ying Bai , Yiqing Chen , Jiawen Bao , Qian Zhao , Mengqing Niu , Wanting Shi , Hui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the first time, a novel kind of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst, namely, a flaky graphite (denoted as FG) and nickelous oxide (NiO) composite material supported platinum (Pt) catalyst (denoted as Pt/FG-NiO), is prepared via an air calcination-assisted hydrothermal method, in which the commercial graphite, one kind of nickel-containing substance (nickel acetate tetrahydrate (Ni(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>·4 H<sub>2</sub>O) or nickel acetylacetonate (C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>14</sub>NiO<sub>4</sub>) or nickel oxalate dehydrate (NiC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>·2 H<sub>2</sub>O)) and chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate (H<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub>·6 H<sub>2</sub>O) are utilized as the starting materials. In this work, firstly, three precursors are synthesized through calcining the mixture having the commercial graphite and one kind of nickel-containing substance in air at 550℃ for 1 h, namely, precursor p<sub>1</sub>, p<sub>2</sub> and p<sub>3</sub> are respectively prepared using Ni(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>·4 H<sub>2</sub>O, C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>14</sub>NiO<sub>4</sub> and NiC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>·2 H<sub>2</sub>O. Subsequently, the resulting precursor p<sub>1</sub>, p<sub>2</sub> and p<sub>3</sub> are subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in the presence of chloroplatinic acid solution, respectively, generating catalyst c<sub>1</sub>, c<sub>2</sub> and c<sub>3</sub>. As demonstrated by XRD and XPS results, graphite, NiO and metallic Pt are the major substances of all fabricated catalysts. More importantly, all prepared catalysts, especially catalyst c<sub>1</sub>, showed an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards alkaline HER. For example, the overpotential value to attain a HER current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> on catalyst c<sub>1</sub> is as lower as 39.6 mV, being rather lower than that of catalyst c<sub>2</sub> (52.2 mV) and c<sub>3</sub> (57.2 mV). To be noted, the value of 39.6 mV for catalyst c<sub>1</sub> is very close to that of the commercial platinum/carbon (Pt/C) catalyst (37.9 mV). The Tafel slope values of catalyst c<sub>1</sub>, c<sub>2</sub>, c<sub>3</sub> and Pt/C for HER are about 41.3, 52.4, 59.0 and 49.5 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. In the chronoamperometry (CA) test, the HER current density measured on catalyst c<sub>1</sub> is about 7.81 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> after 10 h, being much higher than that of catalyst c<sub>2</sub> (2.15 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>), c<sub>3</sub> (2.73 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) and the commercial Pt/C (5.63 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>). After a thorough characterization, the greatly decreased R<sub>ct</sub> and the larger ECSA value are analyzed to be the main reasons giving catalyst c<sub>1</sub> an outstanding HER electrocatalytic activity. Showing the preparation of a novel HER catalyst of Pt/FG-NiO as well as its satisfied HER electrocatalytic performance are the main contributions of the present work, which is very beneficial to the development of Ni and Pt based alka","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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