作物种植和养分管理方案:在印度西北部以玉米为基础的生产系统中优化生产力、最大限度地提高盈利能力并缓解不利的气候条件

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109606
Mohammad Hasanain , V.K. Singh , S.S. Rathore , Vijay Singh Meena , Sunita Kumari Meena , Kapila Shekhawat , R.K. Singh , B.S. Dwivedi , Raghavendra Singh , Subhash Babu , P.K. Upadhyay , Amit Kumar , Adarsh Kumar , Ayesha Fatima , Gaurav Verma , Sandeep Kumar
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引用次数: 0

摘要

肥料管理不善和密集耕作增加了生产成本,降低了生产率,并严重消耗了土壤养分。尽管人们很少探讨基于玉米生产系统(MPS)的作物种植方案(CEOs)中的养分管理方案(NMOs),但人们越来越多地提倡采用作物种植方案来解决土壤健康、粮食安全和气候变化等问题。为了提高系统的可持续性、盈利能力和生产率,需要开发和实施有效的非转基因作物。我们评估了 2018-2019 年期间 CEOs 和 NMOs 对印度西北部印度-甘地平原(IGPs)的养分获取、盈利能力和玉米生产力的影响。在本研究中,四种 CEOs 处理[(i) 无残留物的常规耕作{CT-R},(ii) 有残留物的常规耕作{CT+R},(iii) 无残留物的永久高床{PRB-R},(iv) 有残留物的永久高床{PRB+R}]、在主地块中保留了三种 NMOs[(i) 基于土壤测试的建议 {STBR}、(ii) 基于养分专家的建议 {NE} 和 (iii) NE 与 GreenSeeker {NE+GS}] ,并在子地块中进行了测试。结果表明,与其他处理相比,PRB+R 的作物生长指标(包括株高、干物质积累、叶面积指数和作物生长速率)显著提高。此外,PRB+R 的 50 % 和 75 % 成丝时间最短,表明作物生长发育得到加强。NMOs 能明显改善作物生长参数。NE+GS 处理的株高(145.8-149.2 厘米和 222.3-224.8 厘米)、干物质积累(195.5-198.4 克/平方米和 408.4-412.0 克/平方米)、叶面积指数(2.45-2.48 和 3.24-3.30)和作物生长率(6.50 和 7.10 克/平方米/天)均较高。PRB+R 的吐丝时间最短(60.5 天和 62.2 天)。PRB+R 还获得了最高的玉米产量(6.23 吨/公顷和 6.26 吨/公顷),在 2018 年和 2019 年比 CT-R 增加了 17.82 % 和 17.57 %。NE+GS处理的玉米产量最高,比单独NE和STBR增产更多。PRB-R 的种植成本最低(513.87 美元/公顷和 513.97 美元/公顷),净收益最高(1028.91 美元/公顷和 1083.60 美元/公顷),效益成本比最佳(2.00 和 2.11),而 PRB+R 的毛收益最高(1573.78 美元/公顷和 1630.42 美元/公顷)。与 NE 和 STBR 相比,NE+GS 方案的毛收益(1544.73 美元/公顷和 1599.37 美元/公顷)、净收益(918.29 美元/公顷和 977.30 美元/公顷)和效益成本比(1.47 和 1.57)较高,而种植成本(626.43 美元/公顷和 622.06 美元/公顷)较低。PRB+R和NE+GS组合在谷物和秸秆中的养分吸收率(氮、磷、钾)最高,凸显了它们在养分管理方面的有效性。总之,我们的研究结果建议采用 PRB+R 和 NE+GS 来优化玉米生产系统的生产力和收益率,确保印度西北部农业的可持续性和对不利气候条件的适应能力。
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Crop establishment and nutrient management options: Optimizing productivity, maximize profitability and mitigating adverse climatic conditions in the maize-based production system of Northwest India
Poor fertilizer management and intensive tillage have increased production costs, lowered productivity, and significantly depleted soil nutrients. Although nutrient management options (NMOs) within crop establishment options (CEOs) based maize production system (MPS) is seldom explored, CEOs is increasingly advocated to tackle problems with soil health, food security, and climate change. Developing and implementing effective NMOs is needed for improving system sustainability, profitability, and productivity. We evaluated the effects of CEOs and NMOs on nutrient acquisition, profitability, and maize productivity in the Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGPs) of India during 2018–2019. In this study, four CEOs treatment [(i) conventional tillage without residue {CT–R}, (ii) conventional tillage with residue {CT+R}, (iii) permanent raised bed without residue {PRB–R}, and (iv) permanent raised bed with residue {PRB+R}], were kept in the main plot and three NMOs [(i) soil test-based recommendation {STBR}, (ii) nutrient expert-based recommendation {NE}, and (iii) NE with GreenSeeker {NE+GS} were tested in subplots. The results showed that the crop growth metrics, including plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, and crop growth rate, were significantly greater at PRB+R comparing to treatments. Additionally, PRB+R resulted in the shortest time to 50 % and 75 % silking, indicating enhanced crop development. NMOs significantly improved crop growth parameters. The NE+GS treatment recorded higher plant height (145.8–149.2 cm and 222.3–224.8 cm), dry matter accumulation (195.5–198.4 g/m² and 408.4–412.0 g/m²), leaf area index (2.45–2.48 and 3.24–3.30), and crop growth rate (6.50 and 7.10 g/m²/day). PRB+R showed the shortest silking times (60.5 and 62.2 days). PRB+R also attained the maximum maize yield (6.23 and 6.26 t/ha), by a 17.82 % and 17.57 % increase over CT–R in 2018 and 2019. The NE+GS treatment resulted in the highest maize productivity, with additional yield gains over NE alone and STBR. The lowest cultivation cost ($513.87/ha and $513.97 /ha), highest net return ($1028.91/ha and $1083.60/ha), and best benefit-cost ratio (2.00 and 2.11) were observed with PRB–R, while gross returns ($1573.78/ha and $1630.42/ha) had highest in PRB+R. The NE+GS option achieved higher gross returns ($1544.73/ha and $1599.37/ha), net returns ($918.29/ha and $977.30/ha), and benefit-cost ratios (1.47 and 1.57) with lower cultivation costs ($626.43/ha and $622.06/ha) compared to NE and STBR. The PRB+R and NE+GS combination had found highest nutrient uptake (N, P, K) in grain and straw, highlighting their effectiveness in nutrient management. Overall, our findings recommend adopting PRB+R and NE+GS to optimize maize production system productivity and profitability, ensuring agricultural sustainability and resilience to adverse climatic conditions in Northwest India.
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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