Advanced Mg-based materials for energy storage: fundamental, progresses, challenges and perspectives

Magnesium (Mg)-based materials exhibit higher hydrogen-storage density among solid-state hydrogen-storage materials (HSMs). Highly reliable hydrolysis can be achieved using them for hydrogen production. They can also achieve the integration of hydrogen production and storage via the regeneration. Furthermore, rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs), which possess desirable qualities that exhibit immense potential in addressing challenges related to lithium resource scarcity. However, limitations like high desorption temperature, poor cycle life, low hydrolysis rate, and propensity for passivation layer on Mg anodes, hinder their large-scale use as promising energy storage materials (ESMs). Herein, the review offers a comprehensive summary and analysis of the latest research in Mg-based materials for hydrogen storage, production, regeneration and RMBs. We summarize the impact of different methodologies on the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of MgH₂. In particular, we thoroughly investigate the commonly used methods for enhancing the hydrolysis efficiency of Mg/MgH₂. The currently research status on the regeneration of borohydrides by Mg-based materials is also summarized. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing Mg as anode material in RMBs are also evaluated. This review aims to provide a fundamental insight of Mg-based materials and technologies and offer new strategies for promoting the sustainable development of advanced Mg-based materials.