火星撞击坑喷出物上斜坡形成的概念模型

IF 2.5 2区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Icarus Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI:10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116336
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引用次数: 0

摘要

火星轨道激光测高仪(MOLA)对 23 个不同的撞击坑和 12 个不同的长距离滑坡的高程测量结果表明,火星流化喷射流的斜坡脊比火星滑坡的斜坡脊具有更高的起伏。我们提出了一个概念模型来解释这种高度差异,该模型基于撞击和喷出物喷出过程对喷出物斜坡发展的影响。我们的模型解释了远端坡垒相对较高的地形,以及根据热惯性测量推断出的颗粒大小分布。在这个模型中,撞击事件产生的抛射体帷幕以越来越高的速度向外径向推进,在撞击过程中挖掘并使表面变得粗糙。这就产生了一种由原生和次生喷出物组成的惯性驱动的贴地喷出流。这股气流紧跟在撞击喷出岩幕之后,迅速穿过地表。抛射体帷幕不断将撞击产生的碎屑添加到流动前沿,其中包括大颗粒,其中一些被流动覆盖,但也有一些积聚在流动前沿。这些颗粒在流动前沿被推向前方,形成一个高摩擦力的 "堤坝",随着抛射体帷幕增加更多的大颗粒,堆积物逐渐形成一个相对较高的斜坡。此外,撞击变粗糙的表面会对抛射体帷幕后方的气流造成巨大的振动和剪切。这种粗糙度导致流体中的动筛分,将大颗粒带到表面,并将它们传送到流前,其中一些还被推翻或积聚,以增加流前已有的颗粒。我们认为,这些过程的结合产生了观测到的高喷出斜坡。喷出岩流相对较高的速度将粗粒碎屑推到了正在形成的高斜坡的顶部。当水流停止时,水流会从水流前沿积聚的粗颗粒碎屑中排出,留下一个主要由大颗粒组成的高斜坡。
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A conceptual model for the formation of ramparts on Martian impact crater ejecta
Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) elevation measurements for 23 different impact craters and 12 different long runout landslides show rampart ridges on Martian fluidized ejecta flows are higher relief than those on Martian landslides. We propose a conceptual model to explain this height difference that is based on the effects of the impact and ejecta emplacement process on the development of ejecta ramparts. Our model explains the relatively high relief of the distal ramparts as well as the particle size distribution that is inferred from thermal inertia measurements. In this model, impact events produce ejecta curtains that advance radially at increasingly higher velocity outward excavating and roughening the surface as they impact. This produces an inertia-driven, ground-hugging ejecta flow composed of primary and secondary ejecta. This flow moves rapidly across the surface following closely behind the impacting ejecta curtain. The ejecta curtain continuously adds impact-generated debris to the flow front that includes large particles, some of which are overridden by the flow, but some accumulate at the flow front. These particles are pushed forward at the flow front as a high-friction “dam” with the accumulating material growing into a relatively high rampart as the ejecta curtain adds more large particles to it. In addition, the impact-roughened surface cause substantial vibrations and shear in the flows moving behind the ejecta curtain. This roughness results in kinetic sieving in the flows that brings large particles to the surface and transports them to the flow front where some are also overridden or accumulate to add the ones already at flow front. We propose that these processes combine to produce the observed high ejecta ramparts. The relatively high velocity of the ejecta flows pushes the load of coarse-grained debris to the top of even high developing ramparts. When the flow halts, it drains back from the accumulated coarse debris at the flow front, leaving a high rampart dominantly composed of large particles.
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来源期刊
Icarus
Icarus 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
18.80%
发文量
356
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: Icarus is devoted to the publication of original contributions in the field of Solar System studies. Manuscripts reporting the results of new research - observational, experimental, or theoretical - concerning the astronomy, geology, meteorology, physics, chemistry, biology, and other scientific aspects of our Solar System or extrasolar systems are welcome. The journal generally does not publish papers devoted exclusively to the Sun, the Earth, celestial mechanics, meteoritics, or astrophysics. Icarus does not publish papers that provide "improved" versions of Bode''s law, or other numerical relations, without a sound physical basis. Icarus does not publish meeting announcements or general notices. Reviews, historical papers, and manuscripts describing spacecraft instrumentation may be considered, but only with prior approval of the editor. An entire issue of the journal is occasionally devoted to a single subject, usually arising from a conference on the same topic. The language of publication is English. American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these.
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