回收锂离子电池:现状与未来方向综述

Martin C. Etude , Alexander I. Ikeuba , Chigoziri N. Njoku , Emmanuel Yakubu , Henry C. Uzoma , Chukwuebuka E. Mgbemere , Daniel I. Udunwa
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引用次数: 0

摘要

锂离子电池(LIB)已成为从小型设备到大型机器(如手机和电动汽车)等各种电气设备广泛采用的能源。随着电动汽车和其他电气设备数量的不断增加,大量废弃的废锂离子电池被丢弃到垃圾填埋场。仅在 2019 年,电动汽车产生的废锂电池就达 50 万吨。预计到 2040 年,这一数量将达到 800 万吨。目前,全球仅有 5% 的废弃废锂电池得到回收利用。之所以需要回收锂离子电池,是因为人们希望节约原材料和成本。此外,锂离子电池含有重金属(镍、锂、钴、铜、锰、铁和铝)和有害化学物质,会对环境造成严重危害,并威胁到人类的生命安全;因此,有必要对锂离子电池进行回收利用。这项研究回顾了不同的回收技术,以及预处理方法、湿法冶金、火法冶金和直接回收方法的最新技术进展。此外,本文还介绍了未来的展望和前景。
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Recycling lithium-ion batteries: A review of current status and future directions
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become a widely adopted energy source for various electrical devices, ranging from small devices to large machines, such as cell phones, and electric vehicles (EVs). The increasing number of EVs, and other electrical devices has led to the enormous amount of discarded spent LIBs into the landfill. The amount of LIB waste generated in 2019 alone from EVs was 500,000 tons. This amount is expected to reach 8,000,000 tons by 2040. Globally, only 5 % of discarded spent LIBs is presently being recycled. The need to recycle LIBs stems from the desire to conserve raw materials, and save cost. Also, LIBs comprise heavy metals (Ni, Li, Co, Cu, Mn, Fe, and Al), and hazardous chemicals, which cause serious environmental hazards and threaten human lives; thus, pointing out the need to recycle LIBs. This work reviewed different recycling techniques and, the latest technological advancements in pretreatment methods, hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, and direct recycling methods. Also, future perspectives and prospects are provided herein.
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