Utilising waste material in a 3DCP mixture: A review on rheological and compressive strength

3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) is an advanced technology in manufacturing and building sector. This technology is now a crucial component for developing cutting-edge machinery that could resolve many challenges faced by conventional building construction. Despite their benefits, the quality of materials used in 3DCP still requires further attention to meet established concrete standards. Therefore, reforming the conventional construction industry with sustainable waste sources for 3DCP technology is a strategic approach. Since the current range of 3DCP material is still restricted, expanding the selection to include more eco-friendly options could be highly beneficial. This paper aims to explores the potential in utilizing waste sources as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) for 3DCP mixture in building construction. It reviews the recent and past research pertinently on sustainable waste (rubber, polymer, construction, industrial, recycled sand, and glass) products as supplements or additions for the 3DCP mixture. Rheological and compressive strength characteristics of the 3DCP combination are examined and contrasted with those of other waste materials. All gathered information will be examined considering the literature research to identify the combination for 3DCP to achieve improvement in building materials. Using waste as an SCM component in 3DCP mixtures supports sustainable construction practices. Waste materials have shown potential to improve the rheology (slump, workability, extrudability) and compressive strength of 3D-printed concrete. Compared to the conventional building construction method, optimising waste in a 3DCP will promote efforts to minimise waste creation and maximise the efficient use of commodities. Therefore, incorporating sustainable waste into 3DCP mixtures is a promising area of study for further research.