Exploratory mass dispersoid rGO in-situ influence on nickel phosphate-trimesic acid metal-organic framework for higher energy density hybrid supercapacitors

The present study investigates effect of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) mass dispersoid @ 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg through in-situ process into Metal Organic Framework based Nickel Phosphate (MOFNP) synthesized by facile microwave technique. The XRD study confirms monoclinic crystalline geometry and 50 mg rGO dispersed MOFNP (MOFNPG2) composite has shown increase in crystallinity. SEM shows rectangular morphology for MOFNPG2 and Raman studies show I_D/I_G ratio of 1.01 for this composite revealing rGO coordination with MOFNP. BET studies reveal higher specific surface area (59.75 m² g⁻¹) for MOFNPG2 and exhibits mesoporosity (3.14 nm) with type-IV Langmuir isotherm. The deconvoluted XPS spectra confirms oxidation states and chemical compositions of MOFNPG2. The CV profile identifies maximum oxidation for MOFNPG2, revealing EDLC / pseudocapacitance contribution and exhibiting higher specific capacitance of 854 F g⁻¹ @ 1 A g⁻¹. The Full-Cell Device (FCD) MOFNPG2//rGO registers 175 F g⁻¹ @ 1 A g⁻¹ and energy density 79 Wh kg⁻¹. The R_esr is lower (0.19 Ω cm⁻²) for FCD which improvises electrode-electrolyte kinetics and results in enhanced conductivity for high energy density supercapacitor applications.