墨西哥湾沿岸各州各县收到的联邦紧急事务管理局救灾援助对公平的不同影响

IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Climate Risk Management Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.crm.2024.100659
Scott E. Kalafatis , Erica Akemi Goto , Simone Justine Domingue , Maria Carmen Lemos
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引用次数: 0

摘要

气候变化对边缘化社区的影响尤为严重,但我们也需要了解应对这些影响可能会如何加剧现有的不平等。探索一般的结构性社会经济和政治不平等与应对特定气候灾害之间的关系,有助于为应对气候风险提供信息,同时避免加剧不平等。本研究揭示了地方治理系统可用于降低风险的一般资本与降低气候驱动风险影响的特定结果之间的关系。我们探讨了海湾五州(阿拉巴马州、佛罗里达州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州和得克萨斯州)各县在 2000 年至 2020 年期间从美国联邦紧急事务管理局公共援助计划获得的援助金额的模式。通过线性回归,我们探讨了这些县获得的援助金额与县级潜在通用资本的五个方面(社会、经济、政治、人力和环境)之间的关系。我们发现有证据表明,援助的分配模式与同时减少和扩大现有的不平等现象是一致的,例如,个人贫困程度较高、农村居民较多的县获得的援助较多,而黑人和西班牙裔居民比例较高的县获得的援助较少。同时,我们还发现有证据表明,由于种族/族裔不平等以及缺乏城市化地区的服务,弱势人群获得的援助可能特别少。这些结果突出表明,有必要对公平的多维性进行评估,以防止应对气候相关风险的努力进一步将那些落在后面的人边缘化。
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Diverging equity implications of FEMA disaster aid received by counties in Gulf coast states
Climate change disproportionately impacts marginalized communities, but we also need to understand how addressing these impacts might exacerbate existing inequalities. Exploring how generic structural socioeconomic and political inequalities relate to responses to specific climate-driven hazards can help inform efforts to address climate-driven risks without reinforcing inequalities. This study sheds light on the relationship between generic capitals that local governance systems might draw on to reduce risks and a specific outcome that reduces the impact of climate-driven risks. We explore patterns in the amount of aid counties in the five Gulf States (Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas) received from the US Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Public Assistance Program from 2000 to 2020. Using linear regressions, we explore how the amount of aid these counties received relates to the presence of five dimensions of potential generic capitals (social, economic, political, human, and environmental) at the county-level. We found evidence that patterns in the distribution of aid were consistent with simultaneously both reducing and amplifying existing inequalities – e.g., counties with higher levels of individual poverty and more rural residents received more aid while counties with higher percentages of Black and Hispanic residents received less. At the same time, we found evidence that aid received might be particularly low for populations vulnerable due to both racial/ethnic inequities and lack of access to services located in more urbanized areas. These results highlight the need for assessments exploring the multidimensional nature of equity to prevent efforts to address climate-related risks further marginalizing those left behind.
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来源期刊
Climate Risk Management
Climate Risk Management Earth and Planetary Sciences-Atmospheric Science
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
4.50%
发文量
76
审稿时长
30 weeks
期刊介绍: Climate Risk Management publishes original scientific contributions, state-of-the-art reviews and reports of practical experience on the use of knowledge and information regarding the consequences of climate variability and climate change in decision and policy making on climate change responses from the near- to long-term. The concept of climate risk management refers to activities and methods that are used by individuals, organizations, and institutions to facilitate climate-resilient decision-making. Its objective is to promote sustainable development by maximizing the beneficial impacts of climate change responses and minimizing negative impacts across the full spectrum of geographies and sectors that are potentially affected by the changing climate.
期刊最新文献
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