Adipose tissue responds to stress-induced immunosuppression affecting immune response partially by miR-145-5p/S1PR1 pathway

Stress-induced immunosuppression (SIIS) is one of the most common problems in intensive poultry production, which can cause immunized chickens to still develop diseases and bring huge losses to production. Recently, adipose tissue, as an immunomodulatory organ, has become a hot topic of attention. However, the function and mechanism of adipose tissue involved in SIIS and its influence on the immune response are still unclear. In this study, we dynamically analyzed the correlations between the T cells migration and change of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) gene in adipose tissue using chicken models with different immune states, and further explored the regulatory mechanisms and application. The results showed that SIIS could significantly change the expressions of lymphocytes migration related S1PR1 gene, and SIIS could inhibit the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) immune response partially by affecting the migration and proliferation of TCRα⁺ T cells in adipose tissue. Moreover, the miR-145-5p/S1PR1 pathway was a potential key mechanism to regulate T cells migration in adipose tissue, and circulating miR-145-5p had potential value as a molecular marker. This research can provide innovative reference for in-depth studying the immunoregulatory function and mechanism of adipose tissue.