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Characterization of a novel IGFBP-2 transcript in the ovarian granulosa cells of chicken follicles: mRNA expression, function and effect of reproductive hormones and IGF1 鸡卵泡颗粒细胞中新型 IGFBP-2 转录本的特征:mRNA 表达、功能以及生殖激素和 IGF1 的影响
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104501
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2), a binding protein of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, regulates the activity of IGFs and also influences cellular function with endogenous activity. In mammals, IGFBP-2 is reported to affect ovarian follicle development and steroidogenesis; however, its role in the chicken ovary is unknown. In this study, we investigated the mRNA expression and function of a novel IGFBP-2 transcript and the effect of reproductive hormones and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) on its expression in the ovarian granulosa cells of chicken follicles. The mRNA expression of IGFBP-2 was significantly increased in granulosa cells after follicle selection and was higher in hierarchical granulosa cells (Post-GCs) than in pre-hierarchical granulosa cells (Pre-GCs). IGFBP-2 promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of both Pre-GCs and Post-GCs, enhanced the mRNA expression of genes involved in progesterone (P4) synthesis in Pre-GCs. However, in Post-GCs, IGFBP-2 inhibited the mRNA expression of these genes and suppressed P4 secretion. The mRNA expression of IGFBP-2 was inhibited by estradiol (E2) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), but enhanced by P4 in Pre-GCs. In Post-GCs, FSH and IGF1 stimulated the mRNA expression of IGFBP-2 synergistically. Knockdown of IGFBP-2 attenuated the stimulatory effect of IGF1 on the mRNA expression of the side chain cleavage enzyme cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 (CYP11A1). These findings indicate that IGFBP-2 is regulated by FSH and IGF1, exerts different functions in Pre-GCs and Post-GCs in regulating IGF1 and plays an important role in chicken follicle development by affecting granulosa cell proliferation and P4 synthesis.
胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-2(IGFBP-2)是胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)系统的一种结合蛋白,它调节 IGFs 的活性,并以内源性活性影响细胞功能。据报道,IGFBP-2 在哺乳动物中影响卵泡发育和类固醇生成,但在鸡卵巢中的作用尚不清楚。本研究调查了一种新型 IGFBP-2 转录本的 mRNA 表达和功能,以及生殖激素和胰岛素样生长因子 1(IGF1)对其在鸡卵泡颗粒细胞中表达的影响。卵泡选择后颗粒细胞中IGFBP-2的mRNA表达量明显增加,分层颗粒细胞(Post-GCs)中IGFBP-2的mRNA表达量高于分层前颗粒细胞(Pre-GCs)。IGFBP-2能促进Pre-GCs和Post-GCs的增殖并抑制其凋亡,增强Pre-GCs中参与孕酮(P4)合成的基因的mRNA表达。然而,在后前叶细胞中,IGFBP-2 会抑制这些基因的 mRNA 表达并抑制 P4 的分泌。雌二醇(E2)和促卵泡激素(FSH)会抑制 IGFBP-2 的 mRNA 表达,但 P4 则会增强前 GCs 中 IGFBP-2 的 mRNA 表达。在Post-GCs中,FSH和IGF1协同刺激IGFBP-2的mRNA表达。敲除 IGFBP-2 可减轻 IGF1 对侧链裂解酶细胞色素 P450 家族 11 亚家族 A 成员 1(CYP11A1)mRNA 表达的刺激作用。这些研究结果表明,IGFBP-2受FSH和IGF1调控,在前GCs和后GCs中发挥不同的调节IGF1的功能,并通过影响颗粒细胞增殖和P4合成在鸡卵泡发育中发挥重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed potential mechanisms regulating the hypertrophy of goose pectoral muscles. 比较转录组分析揭示了调节鹅胸肌肥大的潜在机制。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104498
Xinyue Hu, Yali Liu, Bincheng Tang, Jiwei Hu, Hua He, Hehe Liu, Liang Li, Shenqiang Hu, Jiwen Wang

Pectoral muscle development is an important economic trait. According to the different essence, muscle development can be divided into 2 processes: embryonic muscle fiber generation and postnatal muscle fiber hypertrophy, and postnatal muscle fiber hypertrophy has a greater impact on muscle development than the number of muscle fibers formed during the embryonic phase in poultry. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating the hypertrophy of goose pectoral muscles have not been elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to conduct transcriptome sequencing in pectoral muscles of both Landes (LD) and Sichuan White (SW) geese at 6, 10, and 30 weeks of age to reveal the molecular mechanisms regulating pectoral muscle hypertrophy through intra-breed and inter-breed bioinformatics analyses. Phenotypically, the pectoral muscle weight/index of LD and SW geese increased from 6 to 30 weeks of age, and except for the pectoral muscle index at 10 weeks of age (P = 0.962), at the same age, the pectoral muscle weight/index of LD geese were significantly higher than that of SW geese (P < 0.05). In transcriptional regulation, intra-breed bioinformatics analysis identified 3331 genes whose expression levels were opposite to the trend of pectoral muscle hypertrophy both in LD and SW geese, and the 3331 genes were mainly enriched into abundant KEGG pathways related to lipid metabolism, proliferation/apoptosis, and immune response. Moreover, 23 genes (including SLC2A10, TNFRSF1A, PRKAA1, SLC27A4, ITGB2, THY1, RHOA, MYL10, ACTB, PRKCB, PIK3R2, RAC2, DMD, LATS2, YAP1, WWTR1, SMAD7, CTGF, FGF1, AXIN2, GLI2, ID2, and CCND2) who were enriched in 6 crosstalk pathways named viral myocarditis, insulin resistance, sphingolipid signaling pathway, hippo signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, and leukocyte transendothelial migration were identified as the key candidate genes regulating the hypertrophy of goose pectoral muscles. In inter-breed bioinformatics analysis, abundant different expression genes (DEGs) related to lipid metabolism, immune response, and proliferation/apoptosis were identified between LD and SW geese too, and compared with SW geese, the expression level of MYL10 in LD geese was lower, while the expression levels of GLI2/CTGF/SMAD7 in LD geese were higher. These results suggested that the hypertrophy of goose pectoral muscles might be achieved through more lipid deposition and less leukocyte infiltration to promote the proliferation of cells within the muscles, and the low expression of MYL10 and high expressions of GLI2/CTGF/SMAD7 might the keys to induce the pectoral muscle hypertrophy of LD geese from 6 to 30 weeks of age over that of SW geese. All data the present study obtained will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating the hypertrophy of goose pectoral muscles.

胸肌发育是一项重要的经济性状。根据不同的本质,肌肉发育可分为胚胎期肌纤维生成和产后肌纤维肥大两个过程,而产后肌纤维肥大对家禽肌肉发育的影响要大于胚胎期形成的肌纤维数量。然而,调节鹅胸肌肥大的内在机制尚未阐明。因此,本研究的目的是对6周龄、10周龄和30周龄的兰德斯鹅(LD)和四川白鹅(SW)的胸肌进行转录组测序,通过种内和种间生物信息学分析揭示调控胸肌肥大的分子机制。从表型上看,6-30周龄LD鹅和SW鹅的胸肌重量/指数均有所增加,除10周龄的胸肌指数(P = 0.962)外,同龄LD鹅的胸肌重量/指数均显著高于SW鹅(P < 0.05)。在转录调控方面,种内生物信息学分析发现3331个基因的表达水平与LD鹅和SW鹅胸肌肥大的趋势相反,这3331个基因主要富集在与脂质代谢、增殖/凋亡和免疫应答相关的丰富的KEGG通路中。此外,23个基因(包括SLC2A10、TNFRSF1A、PRKAA1、SLC27A4、ITGB2、THY1、RHOA、MYL10、ACTB、PRKCB、PIK3R2、RAC2、DMD、LATS2、YAP1、WWTR1、SMAD7、CTGF、FGF1、AXIN2、GLI2、ID2 和 CCND2),它们在 6 个名为病毒性心肌炎的串联通路中富集、胰岛素抵抗、鞘脂信号通路、河马信号通路、趋化因子信号通路和白细胞跨内皮迁移这 6 个交叉通路中富集的基因被确定为调控鹅胸肌肥大的关键候选基因。在种间生物信息学分析中,也发现了大量与脂质代谢、免疫反应和增殖/凋亡相关的不同表达基因(DEGs),与西南鹅相比,MYL10在西南鹅中的表达水平较低,而GLI2/CTGF/SMAD7在西南鹅中的表达水平较高。这些结果表明,鹅胸肌的肥大可能是通过更多的脂质沉积和更少的白细胞浸润来促进肌肉内细胞的增殖,而MYL10的低表达和GLI2/CTGF/SMAD7的高表达可能是诱导6-30周龄LD鹅胸肌肥大超过SW鹅的关键。本研究获得的所有数据将为调控鹅胸肌肥大的分子机制提供新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Exploration of age-related changes in reproductive parameters of female Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). 探索雌性日本鹌鹑生殖参数与年龄相关的变化
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104499
Maryam Taghipour-Shahbandi, Mahdi Zhandi, Zarbakht Ansari-Pirsaraei, Ali Reza Yousefi

The decline in reproductive efficiency during post-peak period of production in poultry species holds significant economic implications. This study aimed to investigate the productive and reproductive performance of Japanese quails across distinct production stages and the association between these parameters and some genes expression and histometric alterations within the reproductive system. A total of 180 quails from a commercial flock were selected at varying egg production stages, including young, mature, and old, with 45 female and 15 male quails allocated to each group. The quails were maintained for six weeks. During recording period, daily records of egg production and egg weight were recorded. Additionally, oviduct histometric and Follicle biometric measurements, along with mRNA transcript abundance assessments related to follicular selection and yolk accumulation, were conducted on the oviduct, ovary, and small yellow follicles at the end of the experimental period. The results revealed a decrease in egg production in the old group compared to the young and mature groups (P < 0.05); meanwhile, the old group had the highest egg weight, and F1 follicle weight (P < 0.05). Additionally, the number of prehierarchical follicles was lower in the mature and old groups compared to the young group (P < 0.05). The lowest oviduct length, primary and secondary fold height, and thickness of the isthmus and magnum were noted in the old group (P < 0.05). Fertility and hatchability were lower in the old group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). The mRNA transcript abundance of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), was highest in the old group and lowest in the young group (P < 0.05), while the mRNA transcript abundance of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) was higher in the mature group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, the young quails had the highest occludin (OCLN) mRNA transcript abundance compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Overall, the study findings indicate decreased production and reproductive performance, as well as reduced hatchling quality over the production period, attributed to a declining number of follicles, noncooperative gene expression related to follicle selection and yolk accumulation, and diminishing oviduct fold size.

家禽物种在后生产高峰期的繁殖效率下降具有重要的经济意义。本研究旨在调查日本鹌鹑在不同生产阶段的生产性能和繁殖性能,以及这些参数与生殖系统内一些基因表达和组织计量学改变之间的关联。研究人员从商业鹌鹑群中挑选了 180 只处于不同产蛋阶段的鹌鹑,包括幼鹑、成熟鹑和老鹑,每组 45 只雌鹑和 15 只雄鹑。鹌鹑饲养六周。在记录期间,每天记录产蛋量和蛋重。此外,在实验结束时,还对输卵管、卵巢和黄色小卵泡进行了输卵管组织测量和卵泡生物测量,以及与卵泡选择和卵黄积累有关的 mRNA 转录本丰度评估。结果发现,与幼年组和成熟组相比,老龄组的产蛋量有所下降(P < 0.05);同时,老龄组的蛋重和 F1 卵泡重最高(P < 0.05)。此外,成熟组和老龄组的前层卵泡数低于幼龄组(P < 0.05)。老龄组的输卵管长度、主褶和副褶高度、峡部和大峡部厚度最低(P < 0.05)。与其他组相比,老龄组的受精率和孵化率较低(P < 0.05)。抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)的 mRNA 转录本丰度在老龄组最高,在青年组最低(P < 0.05),而骨形态发生蛋白 15(BMP15)的 mRNA 转录本丰度在成熟组高于其他组(P < 0.05)。此外,与其他组别相比,幼年鹌鹑的闭锁素(OCLN)mRNA转录本丰度最高(P < 0.05)。总之,研究结果表明,在生产期间,鹌鹑的生产和繁殖性能下降,孵化质量也有所降低,这归因于卵泡数量减少、与卵泡选择和卵黄积累相关的非合作基因表达以及输卵管褶皱尺寸减小。
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引用次数: 0
Avian Pasteurella multocida induces chicken macrophage apoptosis by inhibiting the Zyxin-FAK-AKT-FoxO1/NF-κB axis 禽多杀性巴氏杆菌通过抑制 Zyxin-FAK-AKT-FoxO1/NF-κB 轴诱导鸡巨噬细胞凋亡
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104504
Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) can cause infection in various animals, especially livestock and poultry, which can lead to substantial losses to the breeding industry. However, the pathogenesis of avian P. multocida remains largely unknown. In this study, the mechanisms of avian P. multocida pathogenesis were explored. Chicken macrophage HD11 cells were infected with the avian strain PmQ and the bovine strain PmCQ2. PmQ induced higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis and exerted a stronger anti-phagocytotic effect on HD11 cells than PmCQ2. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that focal adhesion (FA)-related genes were significantly downregulated in PmQ-infected HD11 cells compared with that of PmCQ2. Subsequently, phalloidin staining of the F-actin assembly revealed that PmQ more significantly inhibited the formation of FAs in HD11 than PmCQ2. Western blot analysis revealed that the levels of Zyxin and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were significantly decreased in PmQ-infected cells, confirming that PmQ inhibited FAs. Consequently, PmQ inhibited the FA downstream factor Akt, which decreased NF-κB and FoxO1 phosphorylation, as evidenced by the decreased expression of downstream anti-apoptotic genes (GADD45B, BCL2L1, BCL2A1, and BIRC2) and increased expression of downstream pro-apoptotic genes (BCL6, PKL2, PKL3, and KLF2). Conversely, pharmaceutically inhibiting FA formation using latrunculin A better enhanced PmCQ2-induced than PmQ-induced apoptosis in HD11 cells. Similarly, the knockdown of Zyxin or FoxO1 by siRNA both boosted the PmCQ2-induced apoptosis rates equal to those of PmQ. These results demonstrated that PmQ inhibited Zyxin-dependent FA formation and disrupted the FAK-AKT-FoxO1/NF-κB pathway to induce apoptosis in chicken macrophages. This study thus offers insights into the pathogenesis of avian P. multocida, which could facilitate the development of new strategies against P. multocida infection.
多杀性巴氏杆菌(P. multocida)可导致各种动物感染,尤其是家畜和家禽,从而给养殖业带来巨大损失。然而,禽多杀性巴氏杆菌的致病机理在很大程度上仍不为人所知。本研究探讨了禽类多杀霉素的致病机制。鸡巨噬细胞 HD11 细胞感染了禽株 PmQ 和牛株 PmCQ2。与PmCQ2相比,PmQ对HD11细胞诱导的细胞毒性和细胞凋亡更高,抗吞噬作用更强。RNA测序分析表明,与PmCQ2相比,PmQ感染的HD11细胞中局灶粘附(FA)相关基因明显下调。随后,对F-肌动蛋白组装的类胶体素染色显示,PmQ比PmCQ2更明显地抑制了HD11细胞中FA的形成。Western印迹分析显示,PmQ感染的细胞中Zyxin和磷酸化的焦点粘附激酶(FAK)水平明显下降,证实了PmQ抑制了FAs的形成。因此,PmQ 抑制了 FA 的下游因子 Akt,从而降低了 NF-κB 和 FoxO1 的磷酸化,下游抗凋亡基因(GADD45B、BCL2L1、BCL2A1 和 BIRC2)的表达量减少和下游促凋亡基因(BCL6、PKL2、PKL3 和 KLF2)的表达量增加就是证明。相反,在 HD11 细胞中,使用 latrunculin A 制药抑制 FA 的形成能更好地增强 PmCQ2 诱导的细胞凋亡,而不是 PmQ 诱导的细胞凋亡。同样,用 siRNA 敲除 Zyxin 或 FoxO1 都能提高 PmCQ2-诱导的细胞凋亡率,与 PmQ 相等。这些结果表明,PmQ抑制了Zyxin依赖的FA形成,并破坏了FAK-AKT-FoxO1/NF-κB通路,从而诱导鸡巨噬细胞凋亡。因此,本研究有助于深入了解禽类多杀霉素的致病机理,从而有助于开发新的抗多杀霉素感染的策略。
{"title":"Avian Pasteurella multocida induces chicken macrophage apoptosis by inhibiting the Zyxin-FAK-AKT-FoxO1/NF-κB axis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pasteurella multocida</em> (<em>P. multocida</em>) can cause infection in various animals, especially livestock and poultry, which can lead to substantial losses to the breeding industry. However, the pathogenesis of avian <em>P. multocida</em> remains largely unknown. In this study, the mechanisms of avian <em>P. multocida</em> pathogenesis were explored. Chicken macrophage HD11 cells were infected with the avian strain PmQ and the bovine strain PmCQ2. PmQ induced higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis and exerted a stronger anti-phagocytotic effect on HD11 cells than PmCQ2. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that focal adhesion (FA)-related genes were significantly downregulated in PmQ-infected HD11 cells compared with that of PmCQ2. Subsequently, phalloidin staining of the F-actin assembly revealed that PmQ more significantly inhibited the formation of FAs in HD11 than PmCQ2. Western blot analysis revealed that the levels of Zyxin and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were significantly decreased in PmQ-infected cells, confirming that PmQ inhibited FAs. Consequently, PmQ inhibited the FA downstream factor Akt, which decreased NF-κB and FoxO1 phosphorylation, as evidenced by the decreased expression of downstream anti-apoptotic genes (<em>GADD45B, BCL2L1, BCL2A1</em>, and <em>BIRC2</em>) and increased expression of downstream pro-apoptotic genes (<em>BCL6, PKL2, PKL3,</em> and <em>KLF2</em>). Conversely, pharmaceutically inhibiting FA formation using latrunculin A better enhanced PmCQ2-induced than PmQ-induced apoptosis in HD11 cells. Similarly, the knockdown of Zyxin or FoxO1 by siRNA both boosted the PmCQ2-induced apoptosis rates equal to those of PmQ. These results demonstrated that PmQ inhibited Zyxin-dependent FA formation and disrupted the FAK-AKT-FoxO1/NF-κB pathway to induce apoptosis in chicken macrophages. This study thus offers insights into the pathogenesis of avian <em>P. multocida</em>, which could facilitate the development of new strategies against <em>P. multocida</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Colistin-niclosamide effervescent dry suspension combats colistin-resistant Salmonella in vitro and in vivo 可乐定-尼可刹米泡腾干混悬剂可在体外和体内对抗耐可乐定的沙门氏菌。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104492
The increasing incidence of bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria has deepened the need for new effective treatments. It has been reported that niclosamide (NIC) can restore the sensitivity of Gram-negative bacteria to colistin (COL). However, NIC is practically insoluble in water and sparingly soluble in organic solvents, leading to limited therapeutic applications. This study aims to prepare a COL-NIC effervescent dry suspension (CNEDS) and evaluate its antibacterial effect against COL-resistant Salmonella both in vitro and in broiler chickens. With the sedimentation volume ratio as an index, suitable suspending agent, wetting agent, filler and effervescent agent were screened through a single-factor method. The preparation conditions were optimized using the Box-Behnken response surface method to obtain the formulation for CNEDS. The quality evaluation results showed that the successfully prepared CNEDS had a sedimentation volume ratio of 0.99, a drying weight loss of 1.3%, and a re-dispersion capability of 1-2 times, all of which met pharmacopoeial requirements. In terms of pharmacological evaluation, we first demonstrated that CNEDS substantially restored COL sensitivity against COL-resistant bacteria. Subsequently, time-killing analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and live/dead assays confirmed the antibacterial activity of CNEDS against COL-resistant bacteria. Finally, a Salmonella infection model in broiler chickens was established to further assess the therapeutic effect of CNEDS in vivo. CNEDS improved the survival rate of broiler chickens, reduced the bacterial burden on organs. These findings suggest that CNEDS effectively overcome COL resistance, indicating its potential for the treatment of COL-resistant bacterial infections in broiler chickens.
耐多药(MDR)革兰氏阴性菌引起的细菌感染发病率不断上升,这加深了人们对新的有效治疗方法的需求。据报道,尼可刹米(NIC)可恢复革兰氏阴性菌对可乐定(COL)的敏感性。然而,NIC 几乎不溶于水,在有机溶剂中的溶解度也很低,导致其治疗应用受到限制。本研究旨在制备一种 COL-NIC 泡腾干悬浮剂(CNEDS),并评估其在体外和肉鸡体内对耐 COL 沙门氏菌的抗菌效果。以沉降体积比为指标,通过单因素法筛选出合适的悬浮剂、润湿剂、填料和泡腾剂。采用 Box-Behnken 响应面法对制备条件进行了优化,得到了 CNEDS 的配方。质量评价结果表明,成功制备的 CNEDS 的沉降体积比为 0.99,干燥失重为 1.3%,再分散能力为 1-2 倍,均符合药典要求。在药理评价方面,我们首先证明了 CNEDS 可大幅恢复 COL 对耐 COL 细菌的敏感性。随后,时间杀灭分析、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和活/死试验证实了 CNEDS 对 COL 耐药菌的抗菌活性。最后,建立了肉鸡沙门氏菌感染模型,以进一步评估 CNEDS 在体内的治疗效果。CNEDS 提高了肉鸡的存活率,减少了细菌对器官的负担。这些研究结果表明,CNEDS 能有效克服 COL 耐药性,表明其具有治疗肉鸡 COL 耐药性细菌感染的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the efficacy of amendment types and rates in reducing ammonia emissions from broiler litter. 评估添加剂类型和添加量在减少肉鸡粪便氨排放方面的功效。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104467
Sabina Poudel, Debolina Chakraborty, Rishi Prasad

Several amendments have been used to reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions from broiler litter (BL); however, a comparative study between amendments and their application rates has not been fully explored. This study evaluated the potential of biochar (B), zeolite (Z), Flue Gas Desulphurization-Gypsum (FGD-G), and sodium bisulfate (S) at four application rates in reducing NH3 emissions from BL. The treatments comprised of amendment types (4) and their application rates (4), and a control with no amendment for a total of 17 treatments replicated twice and arranged in a completely randomized design. The treatments were incubated at 30 °C for 40 days at a moisture content of 40% (w/w), and NH3 emissions were measured every day for the first 10 days and 3 days intervals afterward for 40 days. Results showed that the application of 13 and 17% B (w/w) reduced cumulative NH3 emissions by 41 and 46%, respectively, compared to control over a 40-day period. Zeolite application at 8 and 11% reduced NH3 by 20 and 33%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the different rates of FGD-G, and they were generally less effective; however, a 15% FGD-G rate reduced NH3 by 9.1%. Application of S at rates of 2, 4, 6, and 7% significantly reduced NH3 emissions by 91, 99, 100, and 100 %, respectively. The effectiveness of amendments to reduce ammonia emissions followed the order: S > B > Z > FGD-G. These findings contribute to an ongoing effort to identify non-acidic amendments to minimize NH3 emissions in broiler houses.

有几种改良剂被用于减少肉鸡粪便(BL)中的氨(NH3)排放;然而,尚未对改良剂及其施用率进行充分的比较研究。本研究评估了生物炭 (B)、沸石 (Z)、烟道气脱硫石膏 (FGD-G) 和硫酸氢钠 (S) 在四种施用率下减少肉鸡废弃物中 NH3 排放的潜力。处理包括 4 种改良剂及其施用率(4),以及不施用改良剂的对照组,共计 17 个处理,重复两次,采用完全随机设计。处理在 30 °C、含水量为 40%(重量比)的条件下培养 40 天,前 10 天每天测量 NH3 排放量,之后每隔 3 天测量一次,共测量 40 天。结果表明,与对照组相比,施用 13% 和 17% B(重量比)的沸石在 40 天内分别减少了 41% 和 46% 的累积 NH3 排放量。施用 8% 和 11% 的沸石可分别减少 20% 和 33% 的 NH3。不同的 FGD-G 施用量之间没有明显差异,而且效果普遍较差;不过,15% 的 FGD-G 施用量可使 NH3 减少 9.1%。以 2%、4%、6% 和 7% 的比例施用 S,可分别显著减少 91%、99%、100% 和 100% 的 NH3 排放。添加剂减少氨排放的效果依次为S > B > Z > FGD-G。这些研究结果有助于我们不断寻找非酸性添加剂,以最大限度地减少肉鸡舍中的 NH3 排放。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of substituting soybean meal with fermented rapeseed meal mixture on the growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, blood biochemical indices and intestinal barrier function in Langshan Chickens. 发酵菜籽粕混合物替代豆粕对兰山鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉质、血液生化指标和肠道屏障功能的影响
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104478
Zhaochen Wang, Tong Xing, Lin Zhang, Liang Zhao, Feng Gao

This study aimed to explore the effects of substituting soybean meal with a mixture of solid-state fermented rapeseed meal, apple pomace, and wheat bran on the growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, blood biochemical indices and intestinal barrier function of Langshan chickens. A total of 144 30-day-old Langshan chickens with similar body weights were randomly divided into three treatment groups, with six replicates per group and eight chickens per replicate: the control group (CON) was fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, while the rapeseed meal mixture group (RSM) and the fermented rapeseed meal mixture group (FRSM) were fed diets substituting 5 % of soybean meal with rapeseed meal mixture and fermented rapeseed meal mixture, respectively. The trial lasted from 30 to 58 days of age. The results showed that compared to the CON group, the RSM group exhibited no significant changes in average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) (P > 0.05); the dressing percentage, half-eviscerated yield and eviscerated yield decreased (P < 0.05); the pH24h and yellowness of breast muscle increased (P < 0.05); the crypt depth of the jejunum decreased, and the villus height/crypt depth ratio increased (P < 0.05); the serum D-lactic acid content decreased (P < 0.05). Compared to the CON group, the FRSM group exhibited no significant changes in ADFI, ADG and F/G (P > 0.05); the eviscerated yield increased (P < 0.05); the serum glucose and uric acid levels decreased (P < 0.05); the crypt depth of the jejunum decreased, and the villus height/crypt depth ratio increased (P < 0.05); the serum D-lactic acid content decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, compared to the RSM group, the FRSM group exhibited no significant changes in ADFI, ADG and F/G (P > 0.05); the dressing percentage, half-eviscerated yield and eviscerated yield increased (P < 0.05); the pH24h of breast muscle decreased; the serum glucose and uric acid levels decreased (P < 0.05).In conclusion, RSM reduced the slaughter performance of Langshan chickens, while FRSM improved their slaughter performance. Both RSM and FRSM improved the jejunal morphology and intestinal permeability in Langshan chickens. In conclusion, fermentation improved the feed value of the rapeseed meal mixture; replacing part of the soybean meal diet with fermented rapeseed meal mixture helped improve the slaughter performance and intestinal barrier of Langshan chickens.

本研究旨在探讨用固态发酵菜籽粕、苹果渣和麦麸的混合物替代豆粕对兰山鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉质、血液生化指标和肠道屏障功能的影响。将 144 只体重相近的 30 日龄谅山鸡随机分为 3 个处理组,每组 6 个重复,每个重复 8 只鸡:对照组(CON)饲喂玉米-豆粕基础日粮,菜籽粕混合物组(RSM)和发酵菜籽粕混合物组(FRSM)分别饲喂以菜籽粕混合物和发酵菜籽粕混合物替代 5%豆粕的日粮。试验从 30 天龄持续到 58 天龄。结果表明,与 CON 组相比,RSM 组的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料增重比(F/G)均无显著变化(P > 0.05);拌料率、半开膛率和开膛率均下降(P < 0.05);胸肌 pH24h 值和黄度升高(P < 0.05);空肠隐窝深度降低,绒毛高度/隐窝深度比升高(P < 0.05);血清 D-乳酸含量降低(P < 0.05)。与CON组相比,FRSM组的ADFI、ADG和F/G无显著变化(P > 0.05);开裂率增加(P < 0.05);血清葡萄糖和尿酸水平降低(P < 0.05);空肠隐窝深度降低,绒毛高度/隐窝深度比增加(P < 0.05);血清D-乳酸含量降低(P < 0.05)。此外,与 RSM 组相比,FRSM 组的 ADFI、ADG 和 F/G 无显著变化(P > 0.05);拌料率、半开膛率和开膛率增加(P < 0.05);胸肌 pH24h 值降低;血清葡萄糖和尿酸水平降低(P < 0.05)。RSM和FRSM都改善了兰山鸡的空肠形态和肠道渗透性。总之,发酵提高了菜籽粕混合物的饲料价值;用发酵菜籽粕混合物替代部分豆粕日粮有助于改善兰山鸡的屠宰性能和肠道屏障。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing low-protein diets with edible dock powder: Integrated effects on growth performance, slaughter quality, Organ weights, Muscle quality, and Cecal microbiota in growing Sanhua geese. 用可食用码头粉优化低蛋白日粮:对三花鹅生长性能、屠宰质量、器官重量、肌肉质量和盲肠微生物群的综合影响。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104476
Xianze Wang, Huiying Wang, Yi Liu, Guangquan Li, Yunzhou Yang, Cui Wang, Shaoming Gong, Daqian He, Shufang Chen, Huiyan Jia

This study evaluated the effects of supplementing low-protein diets with Edible Dock Powder (EDP) on the growth performance, slaughter traits, serum biochemical parameters, muscle quality, and cecal microbiota of Sanhua geese. A total of 288 healthy, five-week-old Sanhua geese were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial design, with three crude protein levels (16.00 %, 14.50 %, and 13.00 %) and two levels of EDP supplementation (0 % and 2.50 %). Two-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test were used for statistical analysis. EDP supplementation significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and improved feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) during both growth phases (P<0.01). Lower protein levels significantly reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) and increased the apparent digestibility of gross energy (ADGE) (P<0.01). EDP significantly improved slaughter rate and eviscerated yield (P<0.05), while reducing liver weight and webbed feet yield (P<0.01). Reduced protein levels decreased serum globulin (GLB) and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (P<0.05), with significant interactions between protein levels and EDP supplementation (P<0.05). EDP also significantly altered the cecal microbiota composition, reducing the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Megamonas, and Collinsella (P<0.05), and affecting KEGG pathways related to protein modification and secondary metabolite degradation (P<0.05). In conclusion, EDP supplementation in low-protein diets improved growth performance, slaughter characteristics, and cecal microbiota, showing potential as a sustainable feed additive for reducing environmental impact and improving the economic efficiency of poultry production.

本研究评估了在低蛋白日粮中添加食用杜仲粉(EDP)对三花鹅生长性能、屠宰性状、血清生化指标、肌肉质量和盲肠微生物群的影响。在3 × 2因子设计中,将288只健康的5周龄三华鹅随机分配到6个日粮处理中,其中有3个粗蛋白水平(16.00%、14.50%和13.00%)和2个EDP添加水平(0%和2.50%)。采用双向方差分析和邓肯多重范围检验进行统计分析。在两个生长阶段,补充 EDP 都能明显提高平均日增重(ADG),改善料增比(F/G)(P<0.05)。
{"title":"Optimizing low-protein diets with edible dock powder: Integrated effects on growth performance, slaughter quality, Organ weights, Muscle quality, and Cecal microbiota in growing Sanhua geese.","authors":"Xianze Wang, Huiying Wang, Yi Liu, Guangquan Li, Yunzhou Yang, Cui Wang, Shaoming Gong, Daqian He, Shufang Chen, Huiyan Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of supplementing low-protein diets with Edible Dock Powder (EDP) on the growth performance, slaughter traits, serum biochemical parameters, muscle quality, and cecal microbiota of Sanhua geese. A total of 288 healthy, five-week-old Sanhua geese were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial design, with three crude protein levels (16.00 %, 14.50 %, and 13.00 %) and two levels of EDP supplementation (0 % and 2.50 %). Two-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test were used for statistical analysis. EDP supplementation significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and improved feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) during both growth phases (P<0.01). Lower protein levels significantly reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) and increased the apparent digestibility of gross energy (ADGE) (P<0.01). EDP significantly improved slaughter rate and eviscerated yield (P<0.05), while reducing liver weight and webbed feet yield (P<0.01). Reduced protein levels decreased serum globulin (GLB) and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (P<0.05), with significant interactions between protein levels and EDP supplementation (P<0.05). EDP also significantly altered the cecal microbiota composition, reducing the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Megamonas, and Collinsella (P<0.05), and affecting KEGG pathways related to protein modification and secondary metabolite degradation (P<0.05). In conclusion, EDP supplementation in low-protein diets improved growth performance, slaughter characteristics, and cecal microbiota, showing potential as a sustainable feed additive for reducing environmental impact and improving the economic efficiency of poultry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of dietary mangosteen peel powder and extract on the growth performance, meat quality and indicators for immunity, gut health and antioxidant activity in broiler chicks. 日粮山竹果皮粉和提取物对肉用仔鸡生长性能、肉质以及免疫力、肠道健康和抗氧化活性指标的影响。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104477
Da-Hye Kim, Hyeon Mo Yang, Ju-Yong Song, Jina Park, Byung-Yeon Kwon, Anh Viet Vu, Dae Sung Lee, Kyung-Woo Lee

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary mangosteen peel preparations, either powdered (MspP) or ethanolic extract (MspE), on the growth performance, meat quality, immune response, gut health, serum biochemical profiles, and antioxidant activity of broiler chicks. A total of 480 day-old straight-run broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly placed into four treatments, with eight replicates of 12 chicks each, and subjected to one of the four experimental diets for 21 days. The corn and soybean meal-based diet was supplemented with 2% MspP (20 g per kg of diet) or 0.05% and 0.1% MspE (0.5 g and 1.0 g per kg of diet). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and post hoc comparisons of treatments were performed using Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test. From days 0 to 21, dietary mangosteen peel preparations did not affect growth performance (body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio), thigh meat and tibia characteristics, serum markers of innate immunity (interferon-r, interleukin-10, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and nitric oxide), and ileal morphology in broiler chicks (P > 0.05). Dietary mangosteen peel preparations increased the percentage of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased the relative concentrations of isobutyrate and branched-chain fatty acids in the cecal digesta compared with the control chickens. Notably, dietary mangosteen peel preparations altered the antioxidant characteristics of the serum, liver, and thigh meat. Dietary MspE increased glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.039) in the serum and catalase in the serum (P = 0.008), liver (P = 0.05), and thigh meat (P = 0.01) compared to the control group. In addition, dietary MspP increased catalase levels in thigh meat compared to those in the control diet-fed chickens (P = 0.01). The concentration of malondialdehyde, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, was lower in all chicks-fed diets containing mangosteen peel preparations; however, statistical significance was only noted in the serum samples (P < 0.0001). Collectively, our study shows that dietary mangosteen peel preparations are potent natural antioxidants that can be used as functional dietary additives to effectively mitigate oxidative stress in broiler chicks.

本研究的目的是評估山竹果皮粉末(MspP)或乙醇萃取物(MspE)對肉雞生長表現、肉質、免疫反應、腸道健康、血清生化譜和抗氧化活性的影響。将 480 只日龄直系肉用仔鸡(Ross 308)随机分为四个处理,每个处理有八个重复,每个重复 12 只仔鸡,在四个试验日粮中选择一个进行 21 天的饲养。在以玉米和大豆粉为基础的日粮中添加 2% 的 MspP(每公斤日粮 20 克)或 0.05% 和 0.1% 的 MspE(每公斤日粮 0.5 克和 1.0 克)。数据采用方差分析,处理间的事后比较采用 Tukey's 诚实差异检验。从第 0 天到第 21 天,日粮中的山竹皮制剂不会影响肉用仔鸡的生长性能(体重增加、采食量和饲料转化率)、大腿肉和胫骨特征、先天性免疫的血清标记物(干扰素-r、白细胞介素-10、α-1-酸糖蛋白和一氧化氮)以及回肠形态(P > 0.05)。与对照组相比,膳食山竹果皮制剂可提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的百分比,降低盲肠消化物中异丁烯酸和支链脂肪酸的相对浓度。值得注意的是,日粮山竹果皮制剂改变了血清、肝脏和大腿肉的抗氧化特性。与对照组相比,日粮 MspE 增加了血清中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(P = 0.039),以及血清(P = 0.008)、肝脏(P = 0.05)和大腿肉(P = 0.01)中的过氧化氢酶。此外,与对照组相比,日粮 MspP 能提高鸡大腿肉中过氧化氢酶的水平(P = 0.01)。所有饲喂含有山竹果皮制剂的日粮的雏鸡的丙二醛(一种脂质过氧化指标)浓度都较低;但是,只有血清样本中的丙二醛浓度具有统计学意义(P < 0.0001)。总之,我们的研究表明,日粮中的山竹果皮制剂是一种有效的天然抗氧化剂,可用作功能性日粮添加剂,有效缓解肉用仔鸡的氧化应激。
{"title":"Effects of dietary mangosteen peel powder and extract on the growth performance, meat quality and indicators for immunity, gut health and antioxidant activity in broiler chicks.","authors":"Da-Hye Kim, Hyeon Mo Yang, Ju-Yong Song, Jina Park, Byung-Yeon Kwon, Anh Viet Vu, Dae Sung Lee, Kyung-Woo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary mangosteen peel preparations, either powdered (MspP) or ethanolic extract (MspE), on the growth performance, meat quality, immune response, gut health, serum biochemical profiles, and antioxidant activity of broiler chicks. A total of 480 day-old straight-run broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly placed into four treatments, with eight replicates of 12 chicks each, and subjected to one of the four experimental diets for 21 days. The corn and soybean meal-based diet was supplemented with 2% MspP (20 g per kg of diet) or 0.05% and 0.1% MspE (0.5 g and 1.0 g per kg of diet). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and post hoc comparisons of treatments were performed using Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test. From days 0 to 21, dietary mangosteen peel preparations did not affect growth performance (body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio), thigh meat and tibia characteristics, serum markers of innate immunity (interferon-r, interleukin-10, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and nitric oxide), and ileal morphology in broiler chicks (P > 0.05). Dietary mangosteen peel preparations increased the percentage of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased the relative concentrations of isobutyrate and branched-chain fatty acids in the cecal digesta compared with the control chickens. Notably, dietary mangosteen peel preparations altered the antioxidant characteristics of the serum, liver, and thigh meat. Dietary MspE increased glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.039) in the serum and catalase in the serum (P = 0.008), liver (P = 0.05), and thigh meat (P = 0.01) compared to the control group. In addition, dietary MspP increased catalase levels in thigh meat compared to those in the control diet-fed chickens (P = 0.01). The concentration of malondialdehyde, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, was lower in all chicks-fed diets containing mangosteen peel preparations; however, statistical significance was only noted in the serum samples (P < 0.0001). Collectively, our study shows that dietary mangosteen peel preparations are potent natural antioxidants that can be used as functional dietary additives to effectively mitigate oxidative stress in broiler chicks.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of Eimeria challenge on growth performance, intestine integrity, and cecal microbial diversity and composition of yellow broilers 艾美耳病挑战对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肠道完整性以及盲肠微生物多样性和组成的影响
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104470
The invasion of Eimeria causes damage to the intestinal barrier, nutrient leakage, and microbial imbalance in poultry. We aimed to investigate the effects of Eimeria infection on growth performance, intestinal integrity, and cecal microbial diversity and composition of yellow broilers. A total of 180 male yellow broilers were randomly divided into an unchallenged control and an Eimeria challenge treatment group within 18 floor pens (10 chicks/pen, 9 replicate pens/group). On day 10, 90 chicks received a cocktail of E. maxima, E. acervulina, and E. tenella oocysts (105/chick) to induce coccidial infection, and the other 90 received an aliquot of PBS. The Eimeria challenge resulted in increased bird feed consumption and FCR from day 11 to 21 (all P < 0.01). Higher fecal Eimeria counts, duodenal, jejunal, and cecal lesions were observed in the challenge group on day 12, 15, 15, 18 respectively (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the infected birds had larger livers and small intestines, deeper villus crypt, and decreased expression of Claudin-1 on day 21 (all P < 0.05). The 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that alpha diversity (Sobs, Shannon, Simpson, Ace, or Chao) of cecal microbials was not affected by Eimeria challenge (all P > 0.05). However, the PCoA and LEfSe analyses indicated that the Eimeria challenge altered microbial distribution by decreasing the abundance of Firmicutes and enriching the abundance of Proteobacteria at the phylum level. At the genus level, Clostridia vadin BB60 and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group were reduced, while Escherichia-Shigella were enriched in the challenged yellow broilers (all P < 0.05). Correlation analyses demonstrated that the birds with higher Lachonospiraceae NK4A136 group and Clostridia vadin BB60, and lower Escherichia-Shigella in their cecal content gained more BW and reached a lower FCR from day 11 to 21 (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, Eimeria infection compromised feed efficiency of yellow broilers by damaging intestinal barrier and shifting cecal microbiota towards colonizers associated with poor performance. Restoring the dysbiotic microbiome could be a potential strategy for improving feed efficiency in yellow broilers under coccidial challenge.
艾美耳病的入侵会导致家禽肠道屏障受损、营养物质渗漏和微生物失衡。我们的目的是研究埃默氏菌感染对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肠道完整性以及盲肠微生物多样性和组成的影响。我们将 180 只雄性黄羽肉鸡随机分为未挑战对照组和艾美耳病挑战处理组,每组 18 个鸡圈(每个鸡圈 10 只雏鸡,每组 9 个重复鸡圈)。在第 10 天,90 只雏鸡接受最大艾美耳病、尖头艾美耳病和天牛艾美耳病卵囊鸡尾酒(105 个/只)以诱导球虫感染,另外 90 只雏鸡接受等量的 PBS。从第 11 天到第 21 天,艾美耳病挑战导致鸡的饲料消耗量和饲料报酬率增加(均为 P < 0.01)。挑战组在第 12、15、15 和 18 天分别观察到较高的粪便艾美耳菌计数、十二指肠、空肠和盲肠病变(均为 P < 0.05)。此外,受感染的鸟类在第 21 天时肝脏和小肠变大,绒毛隐窝变深,Claudin-1 表达量减少(均为 P < 0.05)。16S rRNA 测序表明,肠道微生物的α多样性(Sobs、Shannon、Simpson、Ace 或 Chao)不受艾美拉氏菌挑战的影响(均为 P > 0.05)。然而,PCoA 和 LEfSe 分析表明,在门的水平上,埃默氏菌挑战改变了微生物的分布,降低了固缩菌的丰度,增加了变形菌的丰度。在属的水平上,受挑战的黄羽肉鸡中的梭菌属 vadin BB60 和拉克氏菌属 NK4A136 组减少了,而埃希氏菌属-志贺氏菌属丰富了(所有 P 均为 0.05)。相关分析表明,在第 11 天至第 21 天期间,粪便中拉氏菌 NK4A136 组和梭状芽孢杆菌 BB60 含量较高而大肠杆菌-志贺氏菌含量较低的鸡只体重增加较多,FCR 值较低 (均为 P < 0.05)。总之,埃默氏菌感染会破坏肠道屏障,使盲肠微生物群转向与生产性能低下有关的定植菌,从而影响黄羽肉鸡的饲料效率。恢复菌群失调的微生物组可能是在球虫挑战下提高黄羽肉鸡饲料效率的一种潜在策略。
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Poultry Science
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