Analysis and control of demand response in smart grids: An evolutionary game method

As an effective strategy for load management in smart grids, demand response establishes a bidirectional connection between the electricity supplier and users. Based on the networked evolutionary game theory, this paper studies the demand-response issue for a class of smart grids by using the semi-tensor product of matrices. The paper proceeds as follows. (i) Considering the dynamic interactions between the supplier and users, the demand response is modeled as a heterogeneous networked evolutionary game and is expressed as dynamical form by semi-tensor product. (ii) A sufficient and necessary condition is provided to verify the convergence to a fixed point of the considered system. (iii) A feedback controller is designed to ensure the system electricity consumption and price to maintain at a desired level. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method.