Numerical analysis of sloshing effects in cryogenic liquefied-hydrogen storage tanks for trains under various vibration conditions

This study examines the effects of hydrogen sloshing on internal pressure, temperature, and fluid behavior liquefied-hydrogen storage tanks designed for train usage by applying the natural frequency and frequency conditions from train vibration test standards. Notably, it investigates the impact on BOG generation using a transient volume-of-fluid phase change model. Here, simulations were conducted at vibrations of 0, 0.53, 1.53, and 3 Hz, which were established using sine wave acceleration. The results demonstrated that sloshing increased with higher frequencies, thereby resulting in a more intense heat transfer between the wall of the tanks and free surface of hydrogen and an increase in the BOG generation. Compared to the 0 Hz baseline, BOG generation increased by 13, 44, and 66 % at 0.53, 1.53, and 3 Hz, respectively.