Tracy L. Lohr, John R. Lockemeyer, Simon D. Bishopp, Ali H. Motagamwala, Gary J. Wells, Thijs Wermink
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引用次数: 0
摘要
回顾环氧乙烷 (EO) 催化剂和工艺发展的丰富历史。本综述从壳牌技术的角度出发,重点介绍了从最初的异相催化剂到目前采用的工艺技术的主要发明。作者介绍了与银基催化剂上乙烯与分子氧的异相(气-固)环氧化反应有关的主要发明。其中包括纯银、氯缓和、碱促进、氮氧化物促进和铼促进催化剂系统。介绍了与催化剂支撑材料、制备方法和催化剂测试有关的一般信息。此外,还深入探讨了气相成分的影响和反应机理方案,重点介绍了几十年来针对这一看似简单的反应所发表的大量学术研究。本综述还涉及环氧乙烷工艺开发的许多方面,从反应器设计、整个环氧乙烷生产工艺的演变到单乙二醇 (MEG) - 环氧乙烷的主要衍生物 - 的制造。这里介绍了热法和催化法生产 MEG 的途径。我们还讨论了与进料成分、产品环氧乙烷和装置操作有关的非常重要的安全问题。最后,我们讨论了环氧乙烷和 MEG 生产的可持续性方面的技术现状和未来改进前景。
Ethylene Oxide: A Catalyst and Process Development Success Story
A retrospective look into the rich history of ethylene oxide (EO) catalyst and process development is presented. This Review is written from the Shell Technology perspective, focusing on the major inventions ranging from the first heterogeneous catalysts to currently practiced process technology. The authors describe the major inventions related to the heterogeneous (gas–solid) epoxidation of ethylene with molecular oxygen over silver-based catalysts. This includes silver-only, chlorine-moderated, alkali-promoted, NOx-promoted, and rhenium-promoted catalyst systems. General information related to catalyst support materials, preparation methods, and catalyst testing are described. A deeper dive into the effects of gas phase components and the reaction mechanism schemes is also presented, with much of the focus taken from the plethora of academic studies published over the decades of this seemingly simple reaction. Many aspects of EO process development are also covered in this Review, ranging from reactor design, evolution of the overall EO production process, to the manufacture of monoethylene glycol (MEG)─the primary derivative of ethylene oxide. Here, both thermal and catalytic routes to the MEG are described. The very important topics of safety related to feed components, product EO, and unit operation are addressed. Lastly, we discuss the current state of the art and prospects for future improvements with regard to the sustainability of EO and MEG production.
期刊介绍:
ndustrial & Engineering Chemistry, with variations in title and format, has been published since 1909 by the American Chemical Society. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research is a weekly publication that reports industrial and academic research in the broad fields of applied chemistry and chemical engineering with special focus on fundamentals, processes, and products.