通过同步辐射微 X 射线衍射和微 X 射线吸收光谱分析英国早期现代壁画中一种不寻常的含铜颜料--胭脂虫石的特征

IF 2.5 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Applied Physics A Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI:10.1007/s00339-024-07954-1
Ellen H. Purdy, Sarah Critchley, Clément Holé, Marine Cotte, Andrea Kirkham, Michael Casford
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管灰色文献中经常有关于现代早期壁画中使用 verditer(一种人工合成的碳酸铜颜料,化学性质类似于天青石(Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2))的报道,但在公开场合通常无法检测到这种颜料。本文重点讨论了两个特殊的样本(M9 和 T1),最初怀疑这两个样本含有铜蓝颜料,它们来自英格兰东部和东南部不同地位群体的住宅中的装饰壁画方案,年代为 1550-1650 年。在包括历史手册和当前科学文献在内的文本资料中,都可以找到对verditer合成程序的兴趣。然而,合成的不可靠性,尤其是对蓝色葱茏鸟而言,已被广泛记录在案。在这里,我们报告了一项多模态研究,该研究采用了 SEM-EDX、SR-(\mu\)PXRD 制图和 SR-(\mu\)XANES 光谱来表征两个壁画样本中存在的相,其中一个样本的年代约为 1600 年/1600 年代早期 (M9),另一个样本的年代约为 1600 年 (T1)。除了评估verditer的存在外,本研究还首次在壁画样本中鉴定出了胭脂虫石,一种合成的羟基硝酸铜矿物(Cu2(NO3)(OH)3)。胭脂虫石是历史上verditer合成配方复制过程中常见的副产品,曾与verditer一起出现或单独出现。考虑到其在绘画和壁画中不常出现,我们对其分析挑战进行了研究。此外,还从胭脂虫石的稳定性和降解角度讨论了羟基氯化铜的存在。这些结果代表了我们对英国早期现代调色板和历史上的verditer合成的认识有了重大发展,并推进了我们对未来如何最好地保存这些绘画方案的理解。
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Characterisation of rouaite, an unusual copper-containing pigment in early modern English wall paintings, by synchrotron micro X-Ray diffraction and micro X-Ray absorption spectroscopy

Although the use of verditer, a synthetically produced copper carbonate pigment chemically analogous to azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2), in early modern wall paintings is regularly reported in grey literature, its detection in wall paintings is typically unavailable in a public forum. This article focusses on two particular samples (M9 and T1) initially suspected to contain copper blue pigments from decorative wall painting schemes in domestic houses across a range of status groups, in eastern and south-eastern England, dated to 1550-1650. Interest in verditer synthesis procedures is found in textual sources including both historic manuals and current scientific literature. The unreliability of the synthesis, particularly for blue verditer, however, is widely documented. Here, we report a multimodal study employing SEM-EDX, SR-\(\mu\)PXRD mapping, and SR-\(\mu\)XANES spectroscopy to characterise the phases present in two wall painting samples, one c. 1600/early 1600s (M9) and the other c. 1600 (T1). In addition to assessment of the presence of verditer, this study presents the first identification of rouaite, a synthetic copper hydroxynitrate mineral (Cu2(NO3)(OH)3), in wall painting samples. Rouaite, shown in a previous publication to be a common byproduct of replications of the historical verditer synthetic recipes, appears in combination with verditer and alone. Its infrequent identification in paintings and murals is considered in light of analytical challenges. The presence of copper hydroxychlorides is also discussed in the context of rouaite stability and degradation. These results represent a significant development in our knowledge of the early modern palette in England and historical verditer synthesis and advances our understanding of how these painting schemes may be best preserved in the future.

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来源期刊
Applied Physics A
Applied Physics A 工程技术-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
7.40%
发文量
964
审稿时长
38 days
期刊介绍: Applied Physics A publishes experimental and theoretical investigations in applied physics as regular articles, rapid communications, and invited papers. The distinguished 30-member Board of Editors reflects the interdisciplinary approach of the journal and ensures the highest quality of peer review.
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