Lespedeza bicolor root extract exerts anti-TNBC potential by regulating FAK-related signalling pathways.

Lespedeza bicolor is a shrub plant that has been widely distributed in East Asia. The methanol extract from its LBR has been shown to exhibit anticancer and anti-bacterial effects. However, its anticancer efficacy in TNBC remains uncertain. This work aimed to study the anti-TNBC effect of LBR ethanol extract and its underlying mechanism. LBR triggered the cell death in TNBC through inhibiting cell proliferation, S-phase cell arrest, and induction of apoptosis. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the genes altered by LBR treatment were predominantly enriched in the cell adhesion. Notably, LBR inhibited phosphorylation and distribution of FAK. Furthermore, LBR demonstrated significant anticancer activity in xenograft tumors in mice through inhibiting cancer cell growth and inducing apoptosis. This work demonstrated the anticancer efficiency of LBR in TNBC without causing significant adverse effect, which providing a foundation for developing LBR based chemotherapeutic agents for breast cancer therapy.