Hippocampal tau-induced GRIN3A deficiency in Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by significant alterations in hippocampal function and structure, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the hippocampal region remain elusive. We integrated multiple transcriptome datasets including human or rat hippocampus (GSE173955, GSE129051, GSE84422) to identify candidate genes. Subsequent analyses including gene ontology analysis and protein–protein interaction mapping were performed to identify key genes and pathways. We found that glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA-type subunit 3A (GRIN3A) and glutamate metabotropic receptor 8 (GRM8), which are related to the glutamatergic system, were the top two annotated genes and directly related to MAPT, which encodes a tau protein. Since there is no direct evidence of interaction between tauopathy and these genes in AD, further transcriptomic data (GSE125957, GSE56772) from tau transgenic mice and experimental validations through primary rat hippocampal neurons and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoids were performed. Interestingly, we identified that decreased NR3A (encoded by GRIN3A) and mGluR8 (encoded by GRM8) are correlated with tauopathy and loss of postsynaptic function in AD. Taken together, our results identified a novel tauopathy biomarker GRIN3A in AD. Furthermore, our findings suggest that an integrated approach combining public databases and diverse experimental validations can contribute to the advancement of precision medicine therapies.