Impulse Oscillometry Combined to FeNO in Relation to Asthma Control Among Preschool Children.

Objective: We aimed to observe and analyze the differences in impulse oscillometry (IOS) and fractional expiratory nitric oxide (FeNO) in relation to asthma control among preschool children, and to explore the predictive value of IOS combined with FeNO for uncontrolled asthma.

Methods: This study enrolled 171 preschool children with asthma and 30 healthy preschool children between June 2022 and June 2023. We categorized the asthmatic children as having controlled asthma (n=85) and uncontrolled asthma (n=86) after a 3-month follow-up. IOS and FeNO were collected on the first visit at baseline. Differences in metrics were compared between controlled asthma, uncontrolled asthma and healthy control groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was utilized to explore the discriminative ability of IOS and FeNO, alone or in combination, against uncontrolled asthma.

Results: Compared to the controlled asthma group, the IOS values of R5, X5, R5-R20, and Fres were significantly higher in the uncontrolled asthma group, except for R20. R5 and R5-R20 had the highest area under the curve (AUC), which could reach 0.74 (95% CI 0.66-0.82) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.64-0.80). R20 had the lowest AUC of 0.59. The AUC for FeNO alone was 0.88 (95% CI 0.84-0.93) with a cutoff value of 17.50 ppb, sensitivity and specificity of 0.73 and 0.89. The AUCs of all IOS metrics combined with FeNO were significantly higher, with the highest AUC of 0.92 (95% CI 0.87-0.96) for R5-R20+FeNO, and with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.88 and 0.84.

Conclusion: There were significant differences in IOS and FeNO in relation to asthma control among preschooler children. FeNO might be the best predictor of asthma control, and adding any of IOS metrics increased moderately the predictive value.