Plasmodium falciparum protein phosphatase PP7 is required for early ring-stage development.

We previously reported that the Plasmodium falciparum putative serine/threonine protein phosphatase 7 (PP7) is a high-confidence substrate of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Here we explore the function of PP7 in asexual P. falciparum blood stage parasites. We show that conditional disruption of PP7 leads to a severe growth arrest. We show that PP7 is a calcium-dependent phosphatase that interacts with calmodulin and calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (CDPK1), consistent with a role in calcium signaling. Notably, PP7 was found to be dispensable for erythrocyte invasion, but was crucial for ring-stage development, with PP7-null parasites arresting shortly following invasion and showing no transition to ameboid forms. Phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that PP7 may regulate certain PKAc substrates. Its interaction with calmodulin and CDPK1 further emphasizes a role in calcium signaling, while its impact on early ring development and PKAc substrate phosphorylation underscores its importance in parasite development.

Importance: Plasmodium falciparum causes malaria and is responsible for more than 600,000 deaths each year. Although effective drugs are available to treat disease, the spread of drug-resistant parasites endangers their future efficacy. It is hoped that a better understanding of the biology of malaria parasites will help us to discover new drugs to tackle the resistance problem. Our work is focused on the cell signaling mechanisms that control the development of the parasite throughout its complex life cycle. All signal transduction pathways are ultimately regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation by protein kinase and protein phosphatase enzymes. In this study, we investigate the function of calcium-dependent protein phosphatase PP7 and show that it is essential for the development of ring-stage parasites following the invasion of human erythrocytes. Our results contribute to the understanding of the erythrocytic stages of the parasite life cycle that cause malaria pathology.