Telomere-related prognostic signature for survival assessments in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Telomere-related genes (TRGs) are important in many different types of cancers. However, there is a lack of research on the relationship between their expression and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. This study is to investigate the prognostic value of TRGs in LUAD and to develop a TRG signature that can predict patient survival.

Methods: A total of 2,086 TRGs were obtained from a database of genes involved in telomere maintenance (TelNet), while the clinical information and tumor RNA expression profiles of 513 LUAD patients were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Statistical methodologies, such as least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Cox, were employed to construct a prognostic model with predictive capabilities.

Results: We analyzed 1,339 telomere-associated differentially expressed genes and identified a ten-gene predictive signature for LUAD. This signature exhibited effective prognostic classification capabilities across multiple datasets, including GSE3141 (58 samples), GSE8894 (63 samples), GSE50081 (127 samples), and GSE72094 (398 samples). Furthermore, we screened tumor-sensitive drugs targeting this signature. High telomere levels were associated with reduced survival in lung cancer patients who underwent surgery. Compared to the traditional TNM (tumor node metastasis classification) grading method, our telomere-associated gene panel demonstrated superior prediction accuracy. Notably, patients in the high-risk group, defined by the telomere-associated signature, exhibited improved responses to immunotherapy, suggesting potential benefits for this subgroup of patients.

Conclusions: This study presents a comprehensive molecular signature comprising TRGs, which holds potential for functional and therapeutic investigations. Additionally, it serves as an integrated tool to identify crucial molecules for immunotherapy in lung cancer.