Relationship of Serum Nesfatin-1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum nesfatin-1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Study design: Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was performed from June 2021 to 2023 in the General Gynaecology section at the Maternity & Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China.

Methodology: A total of 120 pregnant women with PCOS were divided into the control and study groups. The control group consisted of 70 pregnant women who successfully delivered healthy newborns, whereas the study group included 50 pregnant women who experienced APOs. The serum nesfatin-1 and IGF-1 levels in both groups were measured upon admission. The potential influencing factors of APOs in pregnant women with PCOS and the predictive value of serum nesfatin-1 and IGF-1 for APOs were analysed.

Results: Serum nesfatin-1 and IGF-1 levels were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p <0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that testosterone ≥45 μg/L, body mass index ≥25 kg/m², waist-hip ratio ≥0.80, gestational diabetes mellitus, nesfatin-1, and IGF-1 were independent risk factors of APOs in patients with PCOS. The AUC for IGF-1 plus nesfatin-1 in predicting APOs in pregnant women with PCOS was 0.900 (95% CI: 0.845, 0.955).

Conclusion: Elevated serum nesfatin-1 and IGF-1 levels are associated with pregnancy outcomes of patients with PCOS.

Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Nesfatin-1, Insulin-like growth factor-1, Adverse pregnancy outcome.