Perspectives for Sustainability Analysis of Scalable Perovskite Photovoltaics

Halide perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) are poised to become a critical high-efficiency renewable energy technology in the fight against climate change. This perspective aims to ensure the viability of perovskite PV as a sustainable technology by focusing on key areas such as end-of-life management and sustainability analysis. It highlights the current lack of comprehensive frameworks that incorporate circular solar economy principles, ecosystem impacts, and climate commitments. To address this gap, we propose a multi-scale analytical and modeling framework specifically designed for perovskite PVs. This approach integrates dynamic material flow analysis and life cycle assessment to reshape our understanding of material usage, with an emphasis on critical material demand and recycling opportunities. It seeks to provide in-depth insights into the socio-economic and environmental impacts of material consumption, particularly as perovskite PVs become more prevalent. Additionally, future research should explore distributed manufacturing to optimize costs and reduce environmental impacts, as well as evaluate the benefits of integrating perovskite PVs with agriculture to promote sustainable sector coupling.