Sophie Lennartz, Jan Koschorreck, Bernd Göckener, Karlheinz Weinfurtner, Andrea Frohböse-Körner, Jan Siemens, Sanjana Balachandran, Stefanie P. Glaeser, Ines Mulder
{"title":"大流行病的下游影响?德国河流悬浮颗粒物中季铵化合物的时空变化趋势","authors":"Sophie Lennartz, Jan Koschorreck, Bernd Göckener, Karlheinz Weinfurtner, Andrea Frohböse-Körner, Jan Siemens, Sanjana Balachandran, Stefanie P. Glaeser, Ines Mulder","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136237","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the preventive use of antimicrobials such as quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) surged worldwide. As cationic and surface-active biocides, QACs are only partly removed during wastewater treatment and may cause adverse ecological effects in the downstream environment. To understand the environmental consequences of increased disinfectant use during the pandemic, we investigated spatiotemporal QAC concentration trends in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) of three diverse German rivers. Covering pooled annual SPM samples from 2006-2021 and monthly samples from 2018-2021 collected by the German Environmental Specimen Bank, 31 QACs were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.∑QAC concentrations in annual samples differed by more than tenfold between rivers in the order Saar (average 6.7<!-- --> <!-- -->µg/g) > Rhine (0.9<!-- --> <!-- -->µg/g) > Mulde (0.3<!-- --> <!-- -->µg/g). The strongest potential pandemic imprint was however observed in the Mulde (+67%) and Rhine (+22%). Besides pandemic dynamics, also seasonal variation and mineral content of SPM tentatively affected QAC concentrations. Exceedance of predicted no-effect concentrations for sediment suggest ecotoxicological risks for long-chained QACs already before the pandemic. Our study thus highlights the importance of monitoring the environmental effects of antimicrobial use during pandemics and calls for an urgent minimization of non-essential applications.<h3>Environmental implication</h3>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused a global surge in disinfectant use, including quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). This raises concerns about their environmental residues, aquatic toxicity and contribution to the (co)selection of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens. To assess these ecotoxicological risks, we investigated spatiotemporal QAC concentration trends in suspended particulate matter of German rivers. While seasonal and spatial fluctuations exceed a potential pandemic “imprint” by a factor of 10, concentrations of some QACs reach ecotoxicological effect levels. This highlights the need to consider particle-associated QAC concentrations, the widespread use of QAC, as well as the environmental implications of chemical public health interventions.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Downstream Effects of the Pandemic? Spatiotemporal Trends of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Suspended Particulate Matter of German Rivers\",\"authors\":\"Sophie Lennartz, Jan Koschorreck, Bernd Göckener, Karlheinz Weinfurtner, Andrea Frohböse-Körner, Jan Siemens, Sanjana Balachandran, Stefanie P. Glaeser, Ines Mulder\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136237\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the preventive use of antimicrobials such as quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) surged worldwide. As cationic and surface-active biocides, QACs are only partly removed during wastewater treatment and may cause adverse ecological effects in the downstream environment. To understand the environmental consequences of increased disinfectant use during the pandemic, we investigated spatiotemporal QAC concentration trends in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) of three diverse German rivers. Covering pooled annual SPM samples from 2006-2021 and monthly samples from 2018-2021 collected by the German Environmental Specimen Bank, 31 QACs were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.∑QAC concentrations in annual samples differed by more than tenfold between rivers in the order Saar (average 6.7<!-- --> <!-- -->µg/g) > Rhine (0.9<!-- --> <!-- -->µg/g) > Mulde (0.3<!-- --> <!-- -->µg/g). The strongest potential pandemic imprint was however observed in the Mulde (+67%) and Rhine (+22%). Besides pandemic dynamics, also seasonal variation and mineral content of SPM tentatively affected QAC concentrations. Exceedance of predicted no-effect concentrations for sediment suggest ecotoxicological risks for long-chained QACs already before the pandemic. Our study thus highlights the importance of monitoring the environmental effects of antimicrobial use during pandemics and calls for an urgent minimization of non-essential applications.<h3>Environmental implication</h3>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused a global surge in disinfectant use, including quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). This raises concerns about their environmental residues, aquatic toxicity and contribution to the (co)selection of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens. To assess these ecotoxicological risks, we investigated spatiotemporal QAC concentration trends in suspended particulate matter of German rivers. While seasonal and spatial fluctuations exceed a potential pandemic “imprint” by a factor of 10, concentrations of some QACs reach ecotoxicological effect levels. 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Downstream Effects of the Pandemic? Spatiotemporal Trends of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Suspended Particulate Matter of German Rivers
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the preventive use of antimicrobials such as quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) surged worldwide. As cationic and surface-active biocides, QACs are only partly removed during wastewater treatment and may cause adverse ecological effects in the downstream environment. To understand the environmental consequences of increased disinfectant use during the pandemic, we investigated spatiotemporal QAC concentration trends in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) of three diverse German rivers. Covering pooled annual SPM samples from 2006-2021 and monthly samples from 2018-2021 collected by the German Environmental Specimen Bank, 31 QACs were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.∑QAC concentrations in annual samples differed by more than tenfold between rivers in the order Saar (average 6.7 µg/g) > Rhine (0.9 µg/g) > Mulde (0.3 µg/g). The strongest potential pandemic imprint was however observed in the Mulde (+67%) and Rhine (+22%). Besides pandemic dynamics, also seasonal variation and mineral content of SPM tentatively affected QAC concentrations. Exceedance of predicted no-effect concentrations for sediment suggest ecotoxicological risks for long-chained QACs already before the pandemic. Our study thus highlights the importance of monitoring the environmental effects of antimicrobial use during pandemics and calls for an urgent minimization of non-essential applications.
Environmental implication
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused a global surge in disinfectant use, including quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). This raises concerns about their environmental residues, aquatic toxicity and contribution to the (co)selection of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens. To assess these ecotoxicological risks, we investigated spatiotemporal QAC concentration trends in suspended particulate matter of German rivers. While seasonal and spatial fluctuations exceed a potential pandemic “imprint” by a factor of 10, concentrations of some QACs reach ecotoxicological effect levels. This highlights the need to consider particle-associated QAC concentrations, the widespread use of QAC, as well as the environmental implications of chemical public health interventions.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Hazardous Materials serves as a global platform for promoting cutting-edge research in the field of Environmental Science and Engineering. Our publication features a wide range of articles, including full-length research papers, review articles, and perspectives, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the dangers and risks associated with various materials concerning public health and the environment. It is important to note that the term "environmental contaminants" refers specifically to substances that pose hazardous effects through contamination, while excluding those that do not have such impacts on the environment or human health. Moreover, we emphasize the distinction between wastes and hazardous materials in order to provide further clarity on the scope of the journal. We have a keen interest in exploring specific compounds and microbial agents that have adverse effects on the environment.