Commercial Tobacco Cessation Interventions for American Indian and Alaska Native Persons Living in the United States: A Narrative Systematic Review of Effectiveness Using a Health Equity Lens.

Objective: Identify commercial tobacco cessation interventions for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities, focusing on strategies used to advance health equity, including strategies to address social determinants of health (SDOH), community engagement, and cultural tailoring.

Data source: We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest Central, Academic Search Complete, JSTOR, and Indigenous/Tribal health-related journals and databases.

Study inclusion and exclusion criteria: We included peer-reviewed studies on commercial tobacco cessation for AI/AN persons published January 1998-April 2023 that reported quit rates/attempts. We excluded studies that only used pharmaceutical interventions.

Data extraction: Two reviewers independently assessed each study against our inclusion/exclusion criteria. A reviewer extracted data, and another checked for completeness.

Data synthesis: Synthesis focused on reported intervention effectiveness and strategies used for addressing SDOH, community engagement, and cultural tailoring. We used a synthesis matrix which allowed for comparison across studies.

Results: We screened 1116 articles and included 12 for synthesis. Of the 12, five engaged community health workers; four included SDOH elements; and six were reported effective. Of these six, five included early-stage community engagement and four were culturally tailored.

Conclusions: There are few commercial tobacco cessation interventions for AI/AN populations. Building capacity, including tribal capacity, to develop and test multi-level, culturally grounded cessation interventions that address relevant SDOH may advance commercial tobacco cessation efforts in these populations.